快速皮试仪在小儿急诊中应用的临床观察及护理体会(1)
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[摘要] 目的 观察快速皮试仪在小儿急诊中应用的临床表现并对护理体会进行总结。 方法 选择我院行青霉素皮试的急诊小儿40例，取得家长同意后，均行传统皮试和快速皮试仪皮试，比较两种皮试方法的结果；选取同期急诊小儿110例，随机均分为传统组和快速组，比较两组患儿实际皮试时间、家长配合情况和护理满意情况。 结果 两种皮试方式结果差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，在实际皮试时间、家长配合情况和护理满意度方面比较，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，快速组优于传统组。 结论 在小儿急诊中应采用快速皮试仪进行皮试，可减少假阳性率并显著提高患儿家长满意度，值得广泛推广施行。
[关键词] 快速皮试仪；小儿；急诊；青霉素皮试；护理体会
[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210(2012)02(b)-0127-02
The clinical observation and nursing experience of quick skin test instrument applied in the pediatric emergency
SHI Chunhui
Department of Emergency, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing 400011, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe and summarize the quick skin test instrument applied in the pediatric emergency. Methods 40 children with the penicillin skin test were collected and tested by the traditional skin test and quick skin test instrument, comparing the clinical results; 110 children with the penicillin skin test were collected and divided into the traditional group and the quick group randomly, comparing the actual skin test time, the parents' cope situation and the nursing satisfaction. Results There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the test results by two methods, there was a statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) in the actual skin test time, the parents' cope situation and the nursing satisfaction, the quick group was better than the traditional group. Conclusion We should choose the quick skin test instrument in the pediatric emergency, it can reduce the false positive rate and significantly improve the parents' satisfaction, it should be widely implemented.
[Key words] Quick skin test instrument; Children; Emergency; Penicillin skin test; Nursing experience
药物治疗是儿科临床上最常用的一种方法，但临床上在使用某些药物时常常引起不同程度的过敏反应，严重过敏反应者，如不及时抢救，可危及生命。因此，在使用某些药物前，除了详细询问用药史、过敏史和家族史外，还需要做药物过敏试验[1]。青霉素的疗效和优点众所周知，但传统青霉素皮试只能皮内注射，较为痛苦，部分患者特别是儿童因畏惧疼痛而不愿接受，影响了临床治疗[2]。作者在小儿急诊治疗中采取快速皮试仪进行青霉素药物过敏试验，取得了满意的临床效果，并将护理体会进行总结，现报道如下：
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2010年2月～2011年5月在我院急诊治疗的小儿40例，上述患儿在取得家长同意后，均行传统皮试和快速皮试仪皮试，入选小儿均无先天性疾病或血液系统疾病；同时选择同期急诊小儿110例，随机分为传统组和快速组，传统组55例采取传统青霉素皮试的方法，其中，男34例，女21例；年龄1～5岁，平均(3 ......
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