硬膜外麻醉用于分娩镇痛的临床研究(1)
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[摘要] 目的 研究硬膜外麻在分娩镇痛的效果和安全性。 方法 研究组采用罗哌卡因、芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对100例产妇行分娩镇痛,对照组100例产妇未使用分娩镇痛药物进入产程的,比较两组产妇疼痛情况、产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息情况。 结果 研究组的镇痛效果明显优于对照组(P < 0.05),研究组的第一产程明显缩短(P < 0.05),两组间的分娩方式以及产后出血、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 硬膜外麻醉用于分娩镇痛效果可靠,对母婴无不良影响。
[关键词] 分娩;镇痛;硬膜外麻醉
[中图分类号] R714 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2012)04(a)-0101-02
The clinical research of epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia
HE Zhongcheng ZHANG Yiwen LU Wenhui
Department of Anesthesiology, the First People's Hospital of Shunde District in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect and safety of epidural analgesia for labor analgesia. Methods 100 women undergoing delivery were selected as the experiment group and given epidural analgesia with Ropivacaine and Fentanyl, while another 100 women were selected as control group received nothing. The labor pain, labor process, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia of two groups were compared. Results The analgesic effect of experiment group was much better than that of control group (P < 0.05), the first stage of labor of experiment group was significantly shortened (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference on labor process, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia between the two groups. Conclusion It is safe and effective to use epidural analgesia for labor analgesia.
[Key words] Labor; Analgesia; Epidural anesthesia
自然分娩期间的剧烈产痛给产妇身体上带来巨大的痛苦,对产妇的产后心理健康有较长时间的影响,极个别甚至可导致产后抑郁[1]。在确保母婴安全的前提下,开展分娩镇痛以减少母亲分娩时的痛苦是产科和麻醉科共同关注的问题。将我科2010年8月~2011年8月的100例自愿接受分娩镇痛的产妇进行硬膜外麻醉,并与同期未实施分娩镇痛干预的产妇进行比较,报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
随机选取2010年8月~2011年8月在我院进行阴道分娩的足月、无妊娠合并症、自愿接受分娩镇痛的100例产妇为研究组,年龄20~32岁,平均(26.5±5.3)岁;孕周37+1~40周,平均为(38.6±1.1)周;所有产妇均无硬膜外麻醉禁忌证;以同期未实施分娩镇痛干预、自然临产的100例产妇为对照组,年龄21~33岁,平均(26.7±5.9)岁;孕周37+1~40周,平均为(38.3±1.6)周。两组产妇的年龄、孕周等差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
研究组在产妇产程进入活跃期(宫口开大2~3 cm)后,给产妇静脉输液、吸氧并心电监护,选择L2~3椎间隙穿刺并向头侧置管3~4 cm,平卧后确定导管在硬膜外腔后注入0.15%罗哌卡因5 mL,观察5 min、无腰麻征象后再注入上述局麻剂5 mL,然后接PCEA电子泵(速度10 mL/h、其药袋中配备0.085%罗哌卡因加芬太尼0.2 mg,加液体至100 mL)。产妇感疼痛时自控按压PCA,每次量为5 mL,锁时15 min,子宫开全后停药。麻醉平面控制在T10以下为满意。对照组产妇未采用分娩镇痛。
1.3 临床效果观察指标
①镇痛效果采用视觉模拟评分(VAS),Ⅰ级:患者无疼痛或稍感不适,疼痛评分为0分;Ⅱ级:患者感轻度疼痛,但可以忍受,疼痛评分为1~3分,;Ⅲ级:患者感中度疼痛,疼痛评分为4~6分;Ⅳ级:患者感重度疼痛 ......
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