泌尿系感染细菌的分布及药敏结果分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的 探讨本院泌尿系感染细菌的分布及耐药状况。 方法 统计近两年来尿培养的结果，对658株细菌及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。 结果 感染的细菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主，共522株，占79.3%。革兰氏阴性菌以大肠埃希菌最多，共375株，占57.0%。革兰氏阳性菌为136株，占20.7%，其中屎肠球菌68株，占10.3%，粪肠球菌41株，占6.2%。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南耐药率最低，肠球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁的耐药率最低。 结论 泌尿系感染的细菌以肠杆菌为主，对药物的耐药率明显升高，临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选择抗菌药物进行治疗，不应盲目经验用药，减少和控制细菌的耐药性。
[关键词] 泌尿系感染；抗菌药物；耐药性
[中图分类号] R691.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-7210(2012)04(a)-0111-03
Analysis on the distribution and drug sensitivity resuits of bacteria in urinary system
ZHANG Xiuling HUANG Wenhong
Department of Laboratory, WISCO General Hospital, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430080, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in urinary system infection. Methods Statistics for the last two years of urine culture results, 658 strains of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test results were retrospectively analyzed. Results The gram negative bacilli were predominant becteria, a total of 522 strains, accounted for 79.3%, in which escherichia coli was given priority to a total of 375 strains, accounted for 57.0%. Gram positive bacteria was 136 strains, accounted for 20.7%, in which enterococcus faecium was 68 strains, accounted for 10.3%, enterococcus faecalis was 41 strains, accounted for 6.2%. The drug resistance rate of escherichia coli to imipenem was the lowest, and enterococci to vancomycin and teicoplanin was the lowest. Conclusion The main bacteria are enterobacteriaceae in urinary system infection, which are highly resistant to antibacterial drugs. So clinical doctors should rationally select antibiotics in the treatment according to drug sensitivity results, avoiding bindly using antibiotics so as to reduce and control drug resistance.
[Key words] Urinary system infection; Antibacterial drugs; Drug resistance
泌尿系感染是由细菌引起的肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎、尿道炎等病的总称，一般以腰痛、尿频、尿急、尿痛为主要临床特点，且易反复发作，给患者带来痛苦与不便。因此，了解泌尿系感染细菌的分布与耐药特点，为临床合理用药提供依据尤为重要。现对本院2009年11月～2011年10月的尿培养结果和药敏试验进行统计分析，现报道如下：
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2009年11月～2011年10月住院及门诊泌尿系感染患者留取的中段尿及膀胱穿刺尿液，所有标本均采用无菌方法留取。共有658例泌尿系感染患者中段尿培养检出细菌，男291例，占44.2%；女367例，占55.8%。年龄最大96岁 ......
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