海南省城乡居民脑卒中流行病学特征及高危因素调查分析(1)
[摘要] 目的 调查海南省城市社区和乡镇中老年居民脑卒中流行病学特征及高危因素，为制订海南特色的有效预防干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法对海南省3个城市社区和3个乡镇40岁以上人群共18 000名进行脑卒中高危因素筛查，记录其人口学特征，统计脑卒中发病情况，分析脑卒中高危因素。 结果 18 000名调查对象中脑卒中总体患病率为0.72%，城市社区居民脑卒中患病率显著高于鄉镇(0.87%比0.56%)，城市社区脑卒中高危人群比率也明显高于乡镇(10.32%比6.58%)。但发生脑卒中、短暂性脑缺血发作、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病及房颤后进行系统治疗率乡镇居民远远低于城市社区居民，差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。发生急性脑卒中后的生活自理率乡镇居民远远低于城市社区居民(43.18%比75.00%)，差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论 海南省中老年居民脑卒中患病率明显低于全国平均水平；海南省城市社区居民脑卒中患病率和脑卒中高危因素患病率均明显高于乡镇居民；乡镇居民脑卒中患者预后相对较差，残疾率高于城市社区患者；海南省乡镇居民防控意识较差，建议乡镇普及脑卒中相关知识，提升居民防控意识，并对高危人群定期进行体检。
[关键词] 脑卒中；城市居民；乡镇居民；流行病学；危险因素
[中图分类号] R181.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0059-05
Investigation and analysis of epidemiological characteristics and correlative risk factors of stroke in rural and urban communities of Hainan Province
MA Fei1 CHEN Tao2 LIU Yanhui2 PENG Xia3 ZHENG Yingying3 XIAO Jianhong3 SHENG Qing3 DENG Yidong2
1.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China； 2.Department of Neurology， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China； 3.Stroke Screening and Prevention Base Office， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the epidemic characterization and risk factors of elderly residents with stroke in rural and urban communities of Hainan Province， in order to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and intervention measures for stroke. Methods Cluster random sampling was used to investigate 18 000 residents over 40 years old in 3 urban communitis and 3 rural communitis in Hainan Province. The demographic characteristics were recorded. Stroke incidence and the stroke risk factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of strok among the 18 000 individuals was 0.72%， the prevalence of stroke in urban communities was significantly higher than that that in rural communities (0.87% vs 0.56%)， and the high risk population of stroke in urban communities was significantly higher than that in rural communities (10.32% vs 6.58%). Compared with the residents in rural community， there were much more residents got systemic treatment for stroke， transient ischemic attack， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation in urban communities， the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The rate of self-care after acute stroke of rural residents was far lower than that of urban residents (43.18% vs 75.00%)， the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of stroke of middle-aged and old residents in Hainan Province is significantly lower than the national averaging. The prevalence of stroke and risk factors of urban residents in Hainan are significantly higher than those in rural areas. The prognosis of stroke patients in rural areas is relatively poor， and the disability rate is higher than that in urban community patients. The most rural residents in Hainan Province are highly short of the knowledge of prevention and treatment of stroke. It is suggested that awareness of risk factors and correlated knowledge of stroke and regular physical examination should be popularized to prevent stroke in rural population., 百拇医药(马飞 陈涛 刘艳慧 彭霞 郑莹莹 肖建红 盛情 邓益东)
[关键词] 脑卒中；城市居民；乡镇居民；流行病学；危险因素
[中图分类号] R181.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0059-05
Investigation and analysis of epidemiological characteristics and correlative risk factors of stroke in rural and urban communities of Hainan Province
MA Fei1 CHEN Tao2 LIU Yanhui2 PENG Xia3 ZHENG Yingying3 XIAO Jianhong3 SHENG Qing3 DENG Yidong2
1.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China； 2.Department of Neurology， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China； 3.Stroke Screening and Prevention Base Office， People′s Hospital of Hainan Province， Hainan Province， Haikou 570311， China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the epidemic characterization and risk factors of elderly residents with stroke in rural and urban communities of Hainan Province， in order to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and intervention measures for stroke. Methods Cluster random sampling was used to investigate 18 000 residents over 40 years old in 3 urban communitis and 3 rural communitis in Hainan Province. The demographic characteristics were recorded. Stroke incidence and the stroke risk factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of strok among the 18 000 individuals was 0.72%， the prevalence of stroke in urban communities was significantly higher than that that in rural communities (0.87% vs 0.56%)， and the high risk population of stroke in urban communities was significantly higher than that in rural communities (10.32% vs 6.58%). Compared with the residents in rural community， there were much more residents got systemic treatment for stroke， transient ischemic attack， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation in urban communities， the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The rate of self-care after acute stroke of rural residents was far lower than that of urban residents (43.18% vs 75.00%)， the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of stroke of middle-aged and old residents in Hainan Province is significantly lower than the national averaging. The prevalence of stroke and risk factors of urban residents in Hainan are significantly higher than those in rural areas. The prognosis of stroke patients in rural areas is relatively poor， and the disability rate is higher than that in urban community patients. The most rural residents in Hainan Province are highly short of the knowledge of prevention and treatment of stroke. It is suggested that awareness of risk factors and correlated knowledge of stroke and regular physical examination should be popularized to prevent stroke in rural population., 百拇医药(马飞 陈涛 刘艳慧 彭霞 郑莹莹 肖建红 盛情 邓益东)