补肾法治疗大肠癌的临床研究进展(1)
[摘要] 大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病机为正虚邪实。肾为先天之本,肾中精气充足则机体各方面生理活动正常,而久病耗损肾中精气,肾阳或肾阴不足会导致患者出现各类症状。研究发现肾中精气不足作为大肠癌发生发展的重要环节,影响了大肠癌的发病、预后及转归,因此补肾法在大肠癌的治疗中具有重要意义。本文探寻使用温补肾阳及滋补肾阴法治疗大肠癌的理论源流,归纳补肾法在临床实际运用中减轻消化道反应、缓解骨髓抑制、降低周围神经毒性、增强免疫力等作用,为从肾论治肿瘤提供依据。
[关键词] 补肾法;大肠癌;临床研究;综述
[中图分类号] R735 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)10(b)-0025-04
[Abstract] Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and its pathogenesis is asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors. As the birth of genius, plenty of kidney essence leads to normal physiology activity, but chronic illness will decrease kidney essence and the deficiency of kidney Yang or kidney Yin causes various kinds of symptoms. Researches have found that lacking of kidney essence is a key link for the progression to colorectal cancer, having impacts on the on-set, prognosis and outcomes of colorectal cancer. Thereby kidney-nourishing therapy is significant in the treatment of colorectal cancer. This article explores the theoretical origin of the treatment of colorectal cancer using warming kidney, nourishing kidney and concludes the therapeutic effect such as alleviating gastrointestinal reaction, peripheral neurotoxicity, and strengthening the immune system in clinical trials, to provide evidence for the therapy based on kidney in treating tumor.
[Key words] Kidney-nourishing therapy; Colorectal cancer; Clinical research; Review
近年來中医治疗大肠癌已成为诊疗常规的一部分[1],大肠癌的中医治疗方法十分丰富,扶正祛邪是其基本大法,在扶正治法中补肾法是主要治法,李琦提出“肾虚脉络空虚,癌毒传舍”的大肠癌转移病机,认为肾精亏虚在大肠癌转移中起重要作用[2]。大肠癌的发生与肾密切相关,肾藏先天之精,为五脏六腑阴阳之本,故肾为先天之本,肾中精气不足导致机体阴阳失调,肾阳虚则温煦气化不利,肾阴虚则滋润濡养失常,癌毒入侵;同时大肠癌日久消耗及西医治疗的副作用也会使肾中精气衰退。大肠癌患者出现怕冷、腹泻,或潮热、腰膝酸软等症状,是肾中精气不足影响全身功能的体现。对于肾阴阳失调的病机,补肾法可改善大肠癌患者的症状,减轻西医治疗的副作用。因此,本文通过探寻补肾法治疗大肠癌的理论依据及归纳其临床研究疗效,体现补肾法在大肠癌治疗中举足轻重的地位,为临床实践提供指导。
1 补肾法治疗大肠癌的理论探寻
大肠癌在古时未有特定名称,散见于“积聚”“肠蕈”“锁肛痔”等病名中,中医的虚证中“肝肾阴虚证”“脾肾阳虚证”与“肾”有密切联系。中医之“肾”从阴阳两方面看,肾阳固护机体抵抗外邪,温煦脏腑畅行气血,为功能基础;肾阴充沛血、津液滋润脏腑来维护机体正常运行,为物质基础。从阴阳整体而看,肾阴肾阳是肾中精气的体现,清·冯楚瞻《冯氏锦囊秘录》中言“足于精者,百病不生,穷于精者,万邪蜂起”,肾中精气充足则正气充沛邪气难侵;经曰“阴在内,阳之守也;阳在外,阴之使也”,补肾通过对阴阳两方面的互补能够维护物质和功能的平衡互用,补充肾中精气能以肾阴的累积和肾阳的转化,有效治疗大肠癌。
1.1 温补肾阳
“积”的本质是阴邪相聚,《灵枢·百病始生》云:“黄帝曰:其成积奈何?岐伯曰:胫寒则血脉凝涩,血脉凝涩则寒气上入于肠胃……肠外有寒,汁沫与血相搏,则并合凝聚不得散,而积成矣。”苏婷等[3]追溯《内经》中“积”的源流,认为积的本质为寒为虚,当以温阳治之。温阳法以温肾阳为主,因肾阳为五脏六腑阳气之本,肾阳足则脾阳旺,在温先天之阳同时使后天之本得以温通,脾胃运化正常,水谷精微分布正常,气血畅行则无以成积。
肿瘤形成是一个痰湿、血瘀相互搏结脉络继而影响气血正常运行的过程,痰湿、血瘀这些有形之邪的形成与气化失常相关,“血得温而行”“病痰饮者,当以温药和之”,通过温肾法可消散日久的寒湿瘀滞,达到气血运行通畅。在现代医家理论方面,赵希忠等[4]认为治疗直肠肿瘤当重视“阳化气”,培补脾肾之阳,既能温化“阴成形”的秽物,又能对放化疗后人体阳气损伤的补充固护;刘嘉湘首创的“扶正治癌”学术思想中强调了肾阳不足、脾气亏虚是致病的关键,以温肾健脾治疗肿瘤[5],这些观点都支持了温肾阳治疗肿瘤的重要性。, 百拇医药(吴超君 刘宁宁 李琦)
[关键词] 补肾法;大肠癌;临床研究;综述
[中图分类号] R735 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)10(b)-0025-04
[Abstract] Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and its pathogenesis is asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors. As the birth of genius, plenty of kidney essence leads to normal physiology activity, but chronic illness will decrease kidney essence and the deficiency of kidney Yang or kidney Yin causes various kinds of symptoms. Researches have found that lacking of kidney essence is a key link for the progression to colorectal cancer, having impacts on the on-set, prognosis and outcomes of colorectal cancer. Thereby kidney-nourishing therapy is significant in the treatment of colorectal cancer. This article explores the theoretical origin of the treatment of colorectal cancer using warming kidney, nourishing kidney and concludes the therapeutic effect such as alleviating gastrointestinal reaction, peripheral neurotoxicity, and strengthening the immune system in clinical trials, to provide evidence for the therapy based on kidney in treating tumor.
[Key words] Kidney-nourishing therapy; Colorectal cancer; Clinical research; Review
近年來中医治疗大肠癌已成为诊疗常规的一部分[1],大肠癌的中医治疗方法十分丰富,扶正祛邪是其基本大法,在扶正治法中补肾法是主要治法,李琦提出“肾虚脉络空虚,癌毒传舍”的大肠癌转移病机,认为肾精亏虚在大肠癌转移中起重要作用[2]。大肠癌的发生与肾密切相关,肾藏先天之精,为五脏六腑阴阳之本,故肾为先天之本,肾中精气不足导致机体阴阳失调,肾阳虚则温煦气化不利,肾阴虚则滋润濡养失常,癌毒入侵;同时大肠癌日久消耗及西医治疗的副作用也会使肾中精气衰退。大肠癌患者出现怕冷、腹泻,或潮热、腰膝酸软等症状,是肾中精气不足影响全身功能的体现。对于肾阴阳失调的病机,补肾法可改善大肠癌患者的症状,减轻西医治疗的副作用。因此,本文通过探寻补肾法治疗大肠癌的理论依据及归纳其临床研究疗效,体现补肾法在大肠癌治疗中举足轻重的地位,为临床实践提供指导。
1 补肾法治疗大肠癌的理论探寻
大肠癌在古时未有特定名称,散见于“积聚”“肠蕈”“锁肛痔”等病名中,中医的虚证中“肝肾阴虚证”“脾肾阳虚证”与“肾”有密切联系。中医之“肾”从阴阳两方面看,肾阳固护机体抵抗外邪,温煦脏腑畅行气血,为功能基础;肾阴充沛血、津液滋润脏腑来维护机体正常运行,为物质基础。从阴阳整体而看,肾阴肾阳是肾中精气的体现,清·冯楚瞻《冯氏锦囊秘录》中言“足于精者,百病不生,穷于精者,万邪蜂起”,肾中精气充足则正气充沛邪气难侵;经曰“阴在内,阳之守也;阳在外,阴之使也”,补肾通过对阴阳两方面的互补能够维护物质和功能的平衡互用,补充肾中精气能以肾阴的累积和肾阳的转化,有效治疗大肠癌。
1.1 温补肾阳
“积”的本质是阴邪相聚,《灵枢·百病始生》云:“黄帝曰:其成积奈何?岐伯曰:胫寒则血脉凝涩,血脉凝涩则寒气上入于肠胃……肠外有寒,汁沫与血相搏,则并合凝聚不得散,而积成矣。”苏婷等[3]追溯《内经》中“积”的源流,认为积的本质为寒为虚,当以温阳治之。温阳法以温肾阳为主,因肾阳为五脏六腑阳气之本,肾阳足则脾阳旺,在温先天之阳同时使后天之本得以温通,脾胃运化正常,水谷精微分布正常,气血畅行则无以成积。
肿瘤形成是一个痰湿、血瘀相互搏结脉络继而影响气血正常运行的过程,痰湿、血瘀这些有形之邪的形成与气化失常相关,“血得温而行”“病痰饮者,当以温药和之”,通过温肾法可消散日久的寒湿瘀滞,达到气血运行通畅。在现代医家理论方面,赵希忠等[4]认为治疗直肠肿瘤当重视“阳化气”,培补脾肾之阳,既能温化“阴成形”的秽物,又能对放化疗后人体阳气损伤的补充固护;刘嘉湘首创的“扶正治癌”学术思想中强调了肾阳不足、脾气亏虚是致病的关键,以温肾健脾治疗肿瘤[5],这些观点都支持了温肾阳治疗肿瘤的重要性。, 百拇医药(吴超君 刘宁宁 李琦)