北京市某社区老年人嗅觉相关疾病知晓情况的调查(1)
[摘要] 目的 了解社區居民嗅觉功能和嗅觉障碍的认知情况和重视程度，为今后在基层开展嗅觉功能预测衰老相关疾病的可行性和推广性提供研究依据。 方法 采用随机数字表法抽取北京市东城区东直门街道工体社区60岁以上常住居民550人，于2018年10月～2019年4月进行嗅觉功能知晓情况调查。包括嗅觉对日常生活功能的重要性和影响程度，嗅觉障碍及相关疾病知晓情况。 结果 回收有效问卷406份，有效回收率为73.8%。315人(77.6%)认为嗅觉功能在日常生活中起到重要的作用。认为嗅觉报警作用很重要的有309人(76.1%)，185人(45.6%)和259人(63.8%)分别认为嗅觉功能对情绪和认知能力没有影响或不清楚。认为感冒和过敏性鼻炎对嗅觉功能有影响的居民最多，分别为351人(86.5%)、288人(70.9%)。290人(71.4%)认为嗅觉减退属于嗅觉障碍，306人(75.4%)认为嗅觉丧失属于嗅觉障碍。仅27人(6.7%)曾关注过嗅觉相关知识。184人(45.3%)表示如果出现嗅觉减退不会到医院进行专业治疗，71人(17.5%)表示如果在出现嗅觉丧失也不会去医院接受治疗。 结论 居民对嗅觉可影响消化、认知以及调节情绪等功能知晓率低，对外伤、神经系统病变可影响嗅觉功能的知晓率明显低于病毒感染和鼻-鼻窦疾病。对嗅觉相关知识的关注度较低，对嗅觉障碍疾病的重视程度不足。
[关键词] 嗅觉功能;嗅觉障碍;知晓情况;老年人
[中图分类号] R765.63 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)11(c)-0051-04
[Abstract] Objective To understand the cognitive status and importance of olfactory function and olfactory dysfunction in community residents， and to provide research basis for the feasibility and promotion of olfactory function in predicting aging-related diseases at the grass-roots level in the future. Methods A total of 550 people over 60 years old residents in Grongti Community of Dongzhimen Street， Dongcheng District in Beijing were selected from October 2018 to April 2019 by random number table method for investigation of the understanding of olfactory dysfunction， including the importance and impact of olfactory functions in daily life， the awareness of olfactory dysfunction and related diseases. Results A total of 406 valid questionnaires were collected， and the effective collection rate was 73.8%. 315 people (77.6%) believed that olfactory function plays an important role in daily life. 309 people (76.1%) thought that the sense of smell was important for the alarm， 185 people (45.6%) and 259 people (63.8%) thought that olfactory function had no effect or unclear effect on emotional and cognitive abilities， respectively. The number of residents thought that colds and allergic rhinitis affecting olfactory function was the highest， with 351 people (86.5%) and 288 people (70.9%)， respectively. 290 people (71.4%) believed that hyposmia was an olfactory dysfunction， 306 people (75.4%) thought that anosmia was an olfactory dysfunction. Only 27 people (6.7%) had paid attention to olfactory knowledge. 184 people (45.3%) indicated that if they had hyposmia， they would not go to the hospital for professional treatment， and 71 people (17.5%) said that they would not go to the hospital for treatment even they had anosmia. Conclusion Residents have low awareness rate of olfactory effects on digestion， cognition， and regulation of emotions. The awareness rate of olfactory function caused by trauma and neurological diseases is significantly lower than that of viral infection and nasal-sinus disease. They have low attention to olfactory-related knowledge and insufficient attention to olfactory dysfunction disease., http://www.100md.com(张琳 邵爽 姚淋尹)
[关键词] 嗅觉功能;嗅觉障碍;知晓情况;老年人
[中图分类号] R765.63 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)11(c)-0051-04
[Abstract] Objective To understand the cognitive status and importance of olfactory function and olfactory dysfunction in community residents， and to provide research basis for the feasibility and promotion of olfactory function in predicting aging-related diseases at the grass-roots level in the future. Methods A total of 550 people over 60 years old residents in Grongti Community of Dongzhimen Street， Dongcheng District in Beijing were selected from October 2018 to April 2019 by random number table method for investigation of the understanding of olfactory dysfunction， including the importance and impact of olfactory functions in daily life， the awareness of olfactory dysfunction and related diseases. Results A total of 406 valid questionnaires were collected， and the effective collection rate was 73.8%. 315 people (77.6%) believed that olfactory function plays an important role in daily life. 309 people (76.1%) thought that the sense of smell was important for the alarm， 185 people (45.6%) and 259 people (63.8%) thought that olfactory function had no effect or unclear effect on emotional and cognitive abilities， respectively. The number of residents thought that colds and allergic rhinitis affecting olfactory function was the highest， with 351 people (86.5%) and 288 people (70.9%)， respectively. 290 people (71.4%) believed that hyposmia was an olfactory dysfunction， 306 people (75.4%) thought that anosmia was an olfactory dysfunction. Only 27 people (6.7%) had paid attention to olfactory knowledge. 184 people (45.3%) indicated that if they had hyposmia， they would not go to the hospital for professional treatment， and 71 people (17.5%) said that they would not go to the hospital for treatment even they had anosmia. Conclusion Residents have low awareness rate of olfactory effects on digestion， cognition， and regulation of emotions. The awareness rate of olfactory function caused by trauma and neurological diseases is significantly lower than that of viral infection and nasal-sinus disease. They have low attention to olfactory-related knowledge and insufficient attention to olfactory dysfunction disease., http://www.100md.com(张琳 邵爽 姚淋尹)