循环miRNA作为肺癌诊断和预后无创标志物的研究进展(1)
[摘要] 肺癌是全世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,严重影响人类健康。尽管用于肺癌诊断和靶向治疗的技术取得了进步,但由于缺乏精确有效的早期检测方法,目前肺癌的诊断和预后仍然不理想,生存率较低。肺癌由多种机制参与调控,其中microRNAs(miRNAs)參与转录后进行基因表达调控并伴随着肿瘤整个发生发展的过程,近期研究发现在血清和血浆的生物体液中检测到的循环miRNA表达异常与肺癌的早期诊断及预后密切相关。本文对循环miRNA进入循环系统的途径、稳定性及其作为肺癌患者早期诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物进行了综述和讨论。
[关键词] 循环miRNA;非编码小分子miRNA;肺癌;诊断;预后
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0031-04
Research progress of circulating miRNA as a noninvasive marker for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer
DU Xinyue1,2 YANG Huiling1,2
1.Sino-American Cancer Institute, Dongguan Research Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523808, China; 2.School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523808, China
[Abstract] Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate and mortality rate in the world, which seriously affects human health. Despite advances in technology for lung cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy,due to the lack of accurate and effective early detection methods, the current diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer is still not ideal, with a low survival rate. Lung cancer is regulated by a variety of mechanisms, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in gene expression regulation after transcription and accompany the whole process of tumor development. Recent studies have found that abnormal expression of circulating miRNA detected in serum and plasma biological fluids is closely related to early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. In this paper, the pathway, stability and potential biomarker of early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer are reviewed and discussed.
[Key words] Circulating miRNA; microRNA; Lung cancer; Diagnosis; Prognosis
肺癌是发病率和死亡率增长最快,对人类健康和生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。2018年大约有200万新发肺癌病例,其中超过170万人死于肺癌[1-2]。有研究报道,60%以上的肺癌患者在局部晚期或转移性疾病(阶段Ⅲ或Ⅳ)时被诊断,不适于手术切除页导致预后不良,这也是造成肺癌高死亡率的原因之一[3-4]。面对肺癌的高死亡率,接受低剂量螺旋CT(LDCT)筛查的重度吸烟肺癌患者死亡率降低20%,然而由于LDCT的假阳性率高,筛查成本高和潜在的健康风险突出显示需要探索更好更精确的肺癌诊断和预后的方法[5-6]。非编码小分子RNA(miRNA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度约为22~24个核苷酸的miRNA,这些分子通过负调控靶mRNA或蛋白的表达而对细胞功能具有显著的影响[7]。经研究显示,miRNA在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用,如调控细胞的增殖和凋亡、细胞周期、细胞黏附、肿瘤血管的生成等[8]。与此同时,在血液及泪液、唾液、尿液、玻璃体液、脑脊髓液、胸膜液、腹膜液、精液、母乳和羊水等各种体液中检测到稳定存在的循环miRNA[9]。因此,循环miRNA在肺癌中扮演着不可或缺的一部分,其最重要的应用之一是可以作为非侵入性生物标志物用于肺癌的诊断和预后[7]。
1 循环miRNA的来源
理论上miRNA主要通过以下几种途径进入循环系统:①从破裂细胞被动渗漏。在正常状态下细胞内miRNA直接渗漏到循环系统并不常见,但在组织损伤或细胞凋亡及坏死的情况下却可能发生;②通过源自细胞的微囊泡的主动分泌。微囊泡是几乎所有类型的细胞在正常和病理状态下都会分泌的小囊泡,微囊泡主动分泌循环miRNA作为对各种刺激的反应,包括ATP和温度依赖性,并且类似于某些激素和细胞因子的释放[10]。③循环中的Argonaute2(AGO2)复合物可作为血浆中miRNA的重要载体。绝大多数(高达90%)的循环miRNA以非膜结合形式与AGO2相关联,AGO2是miRNA诱导的沉默复合物的效应组件,可直接结合不同的miRNA并介导细胞中的mRNA阻遏[11]。无创生物标志物AGO2复合物的免疫亲和富集可能是提高循环miRNA灵敏度和生物标志物性能的有效策略[12]。, 百拇医药(杜歆玥 杨慧龄)
[关键词] 循环miRNA;非编码小分子miRNA;肺癌;诊断;预后
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0031-04
Research progress of circulating miRNA as a noninvasive marker for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer
DU Xinyue1,2 YANG Huiling1,2
1.Sino-American Cancer Institute, Dongguan Research Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523808, China; 2.School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523808, China
[Abstract] Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate and mortality rate in the world, which seriously affects human health. Despite advances in technology for lung cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy,due to the lack of accurate and effective early detection methods, the current diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer is still not ideal, with a low survival rate. Lung cancer is regulated by a variety of mechanisms, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in gene expression regulation after transcription and accompany the whole process of tumor development. Recent studies have found that abnormal expression of circulating miRNA detected in serum and plasma biological fluids is closely related to early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. In this paper, the pathway, stability and potential biomarker of early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer are reviewed and discussed.
[Key words] Circulating miRNA; microRNA; Lung cancer; Diagnosis; Prognosis
肺癌是发病率和死亡率增长最快,对人类健康和生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。2018年大约有200万新发肺癌病例,其中超过170万人死于肺癌[1-2]。有研究报道,60%以上的肺癌患者在局部晚期或转移性疾病(阶段Ⅲ或Ⅳ)时被诊断,不适于手术切除页导致预后不良,这也是造成肺癌高死亡率的原因之一[3-4]。面对肺癌的高死亡率,接受低剂量螺旋CT(LDCT)筛查的重度吸烟肺癌患者死亡率降低20%,然而由于LDCT的假阳性率高,筛查成本高和潜在的健康风险突出显示需要探索更好更精确的肺癌诊断和预后的方法[5-6]。非编码小分子RNA(miRNA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度约为22~24个核苷酸的miRNA,这些分子通过负调控靶mRNA或蛋白的表达而对细胞功能具有显著的影响[7]。经研究显示,miRNA在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用,如调控细胞的增殖和凋亡、细胞周期、细胞黏附、肿瘤血管的生成等[8]。与此同时,在血液及泪液、唾液、尿液、玻璃体液、脑脊髓液、胸膜液、腹膜液、精液、母乳和羊水等各种体液中检测到稳定存在的循环miRNA[9]。因此,循环miRNA在肺癌中扮演着不可或缺的一部分,其最重要的应用之一是可以作为非侵入性生物标志物用于肺癌的诊断和预后[7]。
1 循环miRNA的来源
理论上miRNA主要通过以下几种途径进入循环系统:①从破裂细胞被动渗漏。在正常状态下细胞内miRNA直接渗漏到循环系统并不常见,但在组织损伤或细胞凋亡及坏死的情况下却可能发生;②通过源自细胞的微囊泡的主动分泌。微囊泡是几乎所有类型的细胞在正常和病理状态下都会分泌的小囊泡,微囊泡主动分泌循环miRNA作为对各种刺激的反应,包括ATP和温度依赖性,并且类似于某些激素和细胞因子的释放[10]。③循环中的Argonaute2(AGO2)复合物可作为血浆中miRNA的重要载体。绝大多数(高达90%)的循环miRNA以非膜结合形式与AGO2相关联,AGO2是miRNA诱导的沉默复合物的效应组件,可直接结合不同的miRNA并介导细胞中的mRNA阻遏[11]。无创生物标志物AGO2复合物的免疫亲和富集可能是提高循环miRNA灵敏度和生物标志物性能的有效策略[12]。, 百拇医药(杜歆玥 杨慧龄)
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