脑卒中后吞咽障碍康复评估和治疗研究进展(1)
[摘要] 吞咽障碍是脑卒中常见并发症，在疾病进行中易引起吸入性肺炎，反复咳嗽和窒息，甚至危及生命。本文就脑卒中吞咽障碍患者床旁筛查、仪器评估及康复治疗的研究进展进行综述。了解常用吞咽评估工具的使用方法、优缺点及应用范围对于明确吞咽障碍病因及确定患者吞咽困难程度极为重要，也为临床康复治疗提供科学指导。脑卒中吞咽障碍的治疗包括口咽部肌肉运动感觉训练、摄食训练、气道保护法、神经肌肉电刺激、间歇经口摄食、球囊导管扩张术，旨在提高吞咽功能，减少并发症，以期为临床康复疗法治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍提供理论依据。
[关键词] 吞咽障碍;吞咽评估;吞咽治疗;脑卒中
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)10(a)-0048-05
Research progress on rehabilitation assessment and treatment of dysphagia after stroke
NIU Li1 LI Yanjie2 QIN Hewei2 LU Yongbao1 SUN Yubin3 LI Sijin1
1.School of Rehabilitation Medicine， He′nan University of Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450046， China; 2.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine， He′nan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450002， China; 3.the Second Clinical Medical College， He′nan University of Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450046， China
[Abstract] Dysphagia is a common complication of cerebral apoplexy. During the course of the disease， it is easy to cause aspiration pneumonia， recurrent cough and asphyxia， even life-threatening. This paper reviews the progress of bedside screening， instrument evaluation and rehabilitation for patients with dysphagia after stroke. Understanding the methods， advantages and disadvantages and application scope of commonly used swallowing assessment tools is very important to identify the causes of swallowing disorders and determine the degree of dysphagia in patients. It also provides scientific guidance for clinical rehabilitation treatment. The treatment of dysphagia in stroke includes oropharyngeal muscle movement sensory training， feeding training， airway protection， neuromuscular electrical stimulation， intermittent oral feeding， balloon catheter dilatation. The aim is to improve the swallowing function and reduce the complications， so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation therapy to treat the dysphagia after stroke.
[Key words] Dysphagia; Swallowing assessment; Swallowing treatment; Stroke
腦卒中是指起病迅速，由脑血管病变引起的局限性或全脑功能障碍的临床综合征，具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率等特点。据2016年世界卫生组织报告显示，脑卒中已成为全球范围内排名第二的致死原因[1]，且成为我国国民的第一致死病因[2]。脑卒中后会引发各种功能障碍，如运动功能障碍、感觉功能障碍、言语及吞咽功能障碍等。其中吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者最常见的症状之一，发生率为37%～78%[3]。在此疾病进行中43%～54%的患者会出现误吸，其中又有37%会发展为肺炎，4%因肺炎死亡[4]。本文结合相关研究就脑卒中后吞咽障碍评定方法及治疗措施进行综述。, 百拇医药(牛丽 李彦杰 秦合伟 卢永保 孙钰斌 李斯锦)
[关键词] 吞咽障碍;吞咽评估;吞咽治疗;脑卒中
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)10(a)-0048-05
Research progress on rehabilitation assessment and treatment of dysphagia after stroke
NIU Li1 LI Yanjie2 QIN Hewei2 LU Yongbao1 SUN Yubin3 LI Sijin1
1.School of Rehabilitation Medicine， He′nan University of Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450046， China; 2.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine， He′nan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450002， China; 3.the Second Clinical Medical College， He′nan University of Chinese Medicine， He′nan Province， Zhengzhou 450046， China
[Abstract] Dysphagia is a common complication of cerebral apoplexy. During the course of the disease， it is easy to cause aspiration pneumonia， recurrent cough and asphyxia， even life-threatening. This paper reviews the progress of bedside screening， instrument evaluation and rehabilitation for patients with dysphagia after stroke. Understanding the methods， advantages and disadvantages and application scope of commonly used swallowing assessment tools is very important to identify the causes of swallowing disorders and determine the degree of dysphagia in patients. It also provides scientific guidance for clinical rehabilitation treatment. The treatment of dysphagia in stroke includes oropharyngeal muscle movement sensory training， feeding training， airway protection， neuromuscular electrical stimulation， intermittent oral feeding， balloon catheter dilatation. The aim is to improve the swallowing function and reduce the complications， so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation therapy to treat the dysphagia after stroke.
[Key words] Dysphagia; Swallowing assessment; Swallowing treatment; Stroke
腦卒中是指起病迅速，由脑血管病变引起的局限性或全脑功能障碍的临床综合征，具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率等特点。据2016年世界卫生组织报告显示，脑卒中已成为全球范围内排名第二的致死原因[1]，且成为我国国民的第一致死病因[2]。脑卒中后会引发各种功能障碍，如运动功能障碍、感觉功能障碍、言语及吞咽功能障碍等。其中吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者最常见的症状之一，发生率为37%～78%[3]。在此疾病进行中43%～54%的患者会出现误吸，其中又有37%会发展为肺炎，4%因肺炎死亡[4]。本文结合相关研究就脑卒中后吞咽障碍评定方法及治疗措施进行综述。, 百拇医药(牛丽 李彦杰 秦合伟 卢永保 孙钰斌 李斯锦)