从脾胃论治缺铁性贫血的探讨(1)
摘要从脾胃为气血生化之源的学说入手,探讨缺铁性贫血与血虚的相关性,血虚证的病因病机及治疗原则和健脾生血法治疗缺铁性贫血的临床运用。笔者认为缺铁性贫血属于中医血虚范畴,主要病机为气血两虚、脾胃虚弱,治疗上以健脾和胃、益气养血为原则。治疗缺铁性贫血,在补铁的基础上配合健脾生血法可以收获更好的临床疗效,并减轻补铁带来的不良反应。
关键词缺铁性贫血;血虚证;健脾生血;从脾胃论治
Discussion on the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia from Spleen and Stomach
Tang Qing1, Tan Chen1, Pei Xuejun2, Xiao Fei2
(1 Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 ,China; 2 Hubei Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430052, China)
AbstractFrom the theory that the spleen and stomach are the source of qi and blood, the relevance between blood deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of blood deficiency syndrome, and clinical application of reinforcing spleen and generating blood to treat iron deficiency anemia are discussed in detail. It is believed that iron deficiency belongs to the category of blood deficiency of Chinese medicine, in which the main pathogenesis is deficiency of both qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach. The therapeutic principle is invigorating spleen and stomach along with nourishing qi and blood. To treat iron deficiency anemia, better clinical outcomes can be acquired and more side effects be reduced by reinforcing spleen and generating blood based on iron supplement.
Key WordsIron deficiency anemia; Blood deficiency syndrome; Reinforcing spleen and generating blood
中圖分类号:R2557文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.07.060
缺铁性贫血(Iron Deficiency Anemia,IDA)是指各种原因缺铁导致的红细胞生成减少引起的贫血。WHO的资料表明,IDA在全世界普遍存在,影响到全球30%的人口,尤其是儿童和孕妇,分别占其总数的50%和40%。西医关于IDA的治疗以补充铁剂为主,因其不良反应较多致使患者依从性不高,而中医治疗IDA有其独特的优势,本文就IDA的中医范畴、病因病机、治疗原则及临床应用等方面展开综述。
1IDA的临床表现、类型及中医范畴
临床上将IDA分为ID、红细胞生成缺铁期(IDE)和IDA 3个阶段:第1阶段是储铁减少期,指仅机体储存铁水平降低,但红细胞造血并不受到影响,临床上无贫血;第2阶段是缺铁的中期表现,除了储铁减少或缺乏外,转运铁也减少,此时红细胞摄取铁较正常减少,但细胞内血红蛋白的减少并不明显;第3阶段为缺铁的晚期表现,血红蛋白合成减少,红细胞呈小细胞低色素性改变,具有血清铁蛋白、血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度降低、总铁结合力增高等铁代谢异常的特点。IDA[1]的一般临床表现有疲乏、无力、头晕、易倦、耳鸣、眼花、记忆力减退,严重时可出现眩晕、昏厥、活动后心悸、气短、心绞痛、心力衰竭等。特殊表现有婴幼儿生长障碍、神经肌肉系统异常、匙状指、口角炎、舌乳头萎缩、咽下困难、浅表性或萎缩性胃炎、免疫功能降低而致的感染、异食癖、骨骼系统发育异常等症状。
在中医学中,虽无IDA的病名,但其病症散见于历代医书中,根据其临床表现可归属于“血虚”“萎黄”“黄肿”“虚劳”“虚损”等范畴,属于慢性虚损性病证,与脾胃密切相关。黄春林等[2]认为IDA分为脾胃虚弱证、气血两亏证、肝阴不足证和肠虫寄留证4型,脾胃虚弱证见面色萎黄、口唇色淡、爪甲无华、四肢乏力、食欲不振、大便溏泄、恶心呕吐、舌淡苔薄、脉沉细弱;气血两亏证见面色苍白、倦怠无力、头晕目眩、少气懒言、心悸失眠、胃纳不佳、舌淡苔薄、脉濡细;肝阴不足证见头晕耳鸣、两目干涩、面部烘热、胁肋灼痛、五心烦热、潮热盗汗、口干咽燥,或见手足蠕动、舌红少津、脉弦细数;肠虫寄留证见大便中找到虫卵、或大便中排出虫体、面色萎黄、腹胀便溏、善食易饥、恶心呕吐、或有异食生米、泥土、茶叶、肢软无力、气短头晕、舌淡苔白、脉虚弱。宋从有[3]认为IDA是由于先天不足,后天失养,致使脾肾亏损、气血两虚,且以脾虚为主,将小儿IDA分为肾阴虚型、肾阳虚型、胃实型、胃虚型和脾虚型5类。, 百拇医药(唐庆 谭晨 裴学军 肖飞)
关键词缺铁性贫血;血虚证;健脾生血;从脾胃论治
Discussion on the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia from Spleen and Stomach
Tang Qing1, Tan Chen1, Pei Xuejun2, Xiao Fei2
(1 Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 ,China; 2 Hubei Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430052, China)
AbstractFrom the theory that the spleen and stomach are the source of qi and blood, the relevance between blood deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of blood deficiency syndrome, and clinical application of reinforcing spleen and generating blood to treat iron deficiency anemia are discussed in detail. It is believed that iron deficiency belongs to the category of blood deficiency of Chinese medicine, in which the main pathogenesis is deficiency of both qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach. The therapeutic principle is invigorating spleen and stomach along with nourishing qi and blood. To treat iron deficiency anemia, better clinical outcomes can be acquired and more side effects be reduced by reinforcing spleen and generating blood based on iron supplement.
Key WordsIron deficiency anemia; Blood deficiency syndrome; Reinforcing spleen and generating blood
中圖分类号:R2557文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.07.060
缺铁性贫血(Iron Deficiency Anemia,IDA)是指各种原因缺铁导致的红细胞生成减少引起的贫血。WHO的资料表明,IDA在全世界普遍存在,影响到全球30%的人口,尤其是儿童和孕妇,分别占其总数的50%和40%。西医关于IDA的治疗以补充铁剂为主,因其不良反应较多致使患者依从性不高,而中医治疗IDA有其独特的优势,本文就IDA的中医范畴、病因病机、治疗原则及临床应用等方面展开综述。
1IDA的临床表现、类型及中医范畴
临床上将IDA分为ID、红细胞生成缺铁期(IDE)和IDA 3个阶段:第1阶段是储铁减少期,指仅机体储存铁水平降低,但红细胞造血并不受到影响,临床上无贫血;第2阶段是缺铁的中期表现,除了储铁减少或缺乏外,转运铁也减少,此时红细胞摄取铁较正常减少,但细胞内血红蛋白的减少并不明显;第3阶段为缺铁的晚期表现,血红蛋白合成减少,红细胞呈小细胞低色素性改变,具有血清铁蛋白、血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度降低、总铁结合力增高等铁代谢异常的特点。IDA[1]的一般临床表现有疲乏、无力、头晕、易倦、耳鸣、眼花、记忆力减退,严重时可出现眩晕、昏厥、活动后心悸、气短、心绞痛、心力衰竭等。特殊表现有婴幼儿生长障碍、神经肌肉系统异常、匙状指、口角炎、舌乳头萎缩、咽下困难、浅表性或萎缩性胃炎、免疫功能降低而致的感染、异食癖、骨骼系统发育异常等症状。
在中医学中,虽无IDA的病名,但其病症散见于历代医书中,根据其临床表现可归属于“血虚”“萎黄”“黄肿”“虚劳”“虚损”等范畴,属于慢性虚损性病证,与脾胃密切相关。黄春林等[2]认为IDA分为脾胃虚弱证、气血两亏证、肝阴不足证和肠虫寄留证4型,脾胃虚弱证见面色萎黄、口唇色淡、爪甲无华、四肢乏力、食欲不振、大便溏泄、恶心呕吐、舌淡苔薄、脉沉细弱;气血两亏证见面色苍白、倦怠无力、头晕目眩、少气懒言、心悸失眠、胃纳不佳、舌淡苔薄、脉濡细;肝阴不足证见头晕耳鸣、两目干涩、面部烘热、胁肋灼痛、五心烦热、潮热盗汗、口干咽燥,或见手足蠕动、舌红少津、脉弦细数;肠虫寄留证见大便中找到虫卵、或大便中排出虫体、面色萎黄、腹胀便溏、善食易饥、恶心呕吐、或有异食生米、泥土、茶叶、肢软无力、气短头晕、舌淡苔白、脉虚弱。宋从有[3]认为IDA是由于先天不足,后天失养,致使脾肾亏损、气血两虚,且以脾虚为主,将小儿IDA分为肾阴虚型、肾阳虚型、胃实型、胃虚型和脾虚型5类。, 百拇医药(唐庆 谭晨 裴学军 肖飞)
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