谭雪 高莉 任佳 毛乐静 闫明

    [摘要] 突触效能长期变化形成记忆的过程，称为突触可塑性，是学习和记忆中信息编码及储存的基础。人脑区别于动物的最主要区别即人脑内能够存储大量信息，拥有良好的情感认知及学习记忆能力。而阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者重要的临床表现之一即情感认知功能障碍及学习记忆功能异常。突触作为神经系统中一个独特而又基本的存在，是神经系统发挥生理功能的结构基础，因而其活性的异常是神经系统疾病产生的重要原因。大量研究表明AD研究中突触功能障碍占有重要地位，认知功能障碍与突触密度下降程度明顯相关。因而本文从突触可塑性相关的长时程增强(LTP)、突触相关蛋白、相关神经递质等对AD影响的研究近况作一简要综述，以期为其发病机制提供参考依据。

    [关键词] 阿尔茨海默病;突触可塑性;蛋白;学习记忆

    [中图分类号] R749.1? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)03(c)-0052-04

    [Abstract] Synaptic plasticity， the process of forming memories through long-term changes in synaptic efficacy， is the basis for encoding and storing information in learning and memory. The most important difference between human brain and animals is that human brain can store a large amount of information， so it has good emotional cognition and learning and memory ability. One of the most important clinical manifestations of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is affective cognitive dysfunction and learning and memory dysfunction. As a unique and basic existence in the nervous system， synapse is the structural basis for the nervous system to play its physiological function. A large number of studies have shown that synaptic dysfunction plays an important role in AD studies ......