齐亚南 郭大志 潘树义

    [摘要] 神经炎性反应在脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理生理过程中发挥重要的作用。小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统(CNS)重要的免疫效应细胞，是CNS的第一道防线，它可释放多种炎症因子及多种生长因子，增加多种促炎酶类的表达，在神经炎性反应过程中的作用举足轻重。脑缺血再灌注损伤时，“静息态”小胶质细胞受多种细胞因子激活，如γ干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、集落刺激因子、转化生长因子等，转变成不同表型的“活化态”小胶质细胞，即M1型和M2型，发挥抗炎和促炎双重作用，影响脑缺血再灌注损伤的发生和发展。本文拟从小胶质细胞的生理特征、小胶质细胞活化的影响因素、小胶质细胞表型转变特点和调控表型变化因子等方面进行叙述，以深入了解小胶质细胞在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及活化与表型转变的影响因素和特点，为脑缺血再灌注损伤的预防、治疗及预后提供依据。

    [关键词] 小胶质细胞;活化;神经炎症;缺血再灌注

    [中图分类号] R743.31? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編号] 1673-7210(2019)09(b)-0026-04

    The role of microglia cells in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

    QI Ya′nan1，2? ?GUO Dazhi2? ?PAN Shuyi1，2

    1.Gracluate School， Chengde Medical College， Hebei Province， Chengde? ?067000， China; 2.Department of Hyperbaric， the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital， Beijing? ?100089， China

    [Abstract] Neuroinflammatory reaction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Microglia is an important immune effector cell in the central nervous system (CNS)， and it is the first defensive line for CNS. Microglia can release a variety of inflammatory factors and a variety of growth factors and increase the expression of various proinflammatory enzymes. It plays a key role in the neuroinflammatory reactions. During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs ......