倪修凡 张尤历 徐岷

    [摘要] 消化道肿瘤包括食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌等，均具有较高的发病率和死亡率。目前，化疗是临床治疗消化道肿瘤的方法之一，但长期应用化疗药物常导致肿瘤细胞对化疗药物产生耐药性，是目前肿瘤治疗的重要挑战之一。外泌体是由双层膜构成的直径为30～100 nm的小囊泡，其内部包含蛋白质、核酸、脂质等。近年来发现其通过介导细胞间通讯、调节肿瘤微环境参与到肿瘤一系列发生发展中，尤其对于肿瘤的化疗耐药性具有重要影响。本文主要总结了国内外关于外泌体参与消化道肿瘤化疗耐药的研究，旨在更直观地阐述外泌体介导消化道肿瘤化疗耐药的机制，为肿瘤耐药的研究提供新思路。

    [关键词] 外泌体;消化道肿瘤;化疗耐药;肿瘤微环境

    [中图分类号] R735? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)06(c)-0049-04

    [Abstract] The digestive system tumor including esophageal cancer， gastric cancer， colorectal cancer， liver cancer， pancreatic cancer， which have high morbidity and mortality. At present， chemotherapy is one of the treatments for digestive system tumors， but long-term application of chemotherapy drugs often causes drug resistance in tumor cells， which is one of the important challenge in tumor treatment. Exosomes are small vesicles with a diameter of 30-100 nm， which are composed of bilayer membrane. The exosomes contain proteins， nucleic acids， lipids， etc. In recent years， it has been found that exosomes participate in a series of tumor development and development by mediating intercellular communication and regulating tumor microenvironment ......