【摘要】 目的 了解深圳市龙岗区已婚育龄妇女使用宫内节育器不良反应情况,为探讨建立宫内节育器不良反应社区干预模式提供依据。方法 随机抽查深圳市龙岗区3个街道中使用宫内节育器的已婚育龄妇女为调查对象共2001例,调查使用宫内节育器后出现的各种不良反应,以及对不良反应知识的认知情况,术后随访率情况。结果 放置宫内节育器的主要不良反应为月经异常、环下移、白带增多、腰腹疼痛、带器妊娠等,各种不良反应的总发生率为20.9%;因症取出率为15%;89.2%的人听说过宫内节育器不良反应,但了解3种以上不良反应的只有67.8%,宫内节育器不良反应知识来源主要是计划生育部门的宣传、报纸、杂志、电视、广播、宣传资料及向医生咨询;按规定参加术后随访的为68.9%,对当前宫内节育器及避孕知识的宣传教育满意率为71.5%。结论 育龄群众使用宫内节育器不良反应发生率高,术后随访率低,不良反应相关知识知晓率低,利用计划生育三级技术服务网络开展社区宫内节育器不良反应一级干预十分必要。

    【关键词】宫内节育器;不良反应;社区;防治干预

    【Abstract】 Objective Understand the usage of the IUD among married reproduction age women in Shenzhen, and analyse the relevant factors of the side effects caused by the IUD, which provide basis for the control intervention model of IUD side effects. Methods Random select 2001 the IUD users among married reproduction age women in three community streets of Longgang, Shenzhen, Survey the side effect after inserting the IUD, as well as the knowledge about the side effect and rate of conduct follow-up regularly. FINDING - The main side effects of inserting the IUD are abnormal menstruation, the IUD move down, abnormal leukorrhea, abdominal ache and pregnancy with IUD in situ, etc, which account for 20.9%;The sufferer caused by removal of IUD take up 15%;89.2% had heard IUD before, the risk to have more than three side effects is 67.8% analysed from the data;The knowledge about the side effect is mainly come from newspaper, magazine, TV, radio, doctors and brochures of the family planning service,Conduct follow-up regularly occupy 68.9% and 71.5% were satisfied with the propagation and education about IUD and contraception. Conclusion The probability of side effect occurred is high, while conduct follow-up regularly is low, women have a little knowledge about the IUD,Thus it is necessary to carry out the level-one intervention about the side effect by the level-three technological service network of family planning service. ......