小儿哮喘发病危险因素的病例对照研究
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[摘要] 目的 调查儿童哮喘发病危险因素，指导临床采取有效的干预措施。方法 选取我院2009年11月~2010年5月收治的哮喘儿童200例，根据年龄、性别、民族、居住地区选择非哮喘患儿进行1︰1配对，经询问病史及行体格检查，入选病例从生后首次喘息开始追溯，查找哮喘发病危险因素，利用SPSS13.0统计软件建立数据库并进行统计分析。结果 本研究调查了35个因素，其中进入回归模型的相关因素有23项，23种相关因素中高危因素5项、危险因素15项。结果显示危险因素有房屋油漆味、玩毛绒玩具、母乳喂养、患儿肥胖、油烟污染、天气变化、饮食过甜、情绪变化、周围有工厂；高危因素有患儿过敏史、父母哮喘史、玩泡沫玩具、被动吸烟和年感冒次数。哮喘组中同时有多项高危因素和多项危险因素者明显多于对照组。结论 遗传因素与哮喘密切相关，被动吸烟会增加儿童哮喘的危险性，室内外环境不良与哮喘有关。
[关键词] 儿童；支气管哮喘；相关因素；危险因素
[中图分类号] R725.6[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)21-15-02
Asthma in Children：A Case-Control Study
CHEN Qian'an
Department of Paediatrics，Hanggang Group Staff Hospital，Hangzhou 310022，China
[Abstract] Objctive To explore risk factors for asthma in children to provide evidence for preventing children’s asthma. Methods To collect 200 cases children with asthma in our hospital from november 2009 to May 2010. Patients were 1︰1 matched with healthy children who saw a doctor at the same time for age，sex，ethnicity，region and so on. Then the investigation was carried out using a questionaire in order to find related factors in children with asthma. Data were analyzed using the SPSS13.0 software. Results The study investigated 35 factors. There were 23 factors entering into the logistic regression analysis in the end. There were 5 high risk factors and 10 risk factors among them. The high risk factors included familial asthma，allergic rhinitis，foam goods，passive smoking and so on. Risk factors included kitchen smoke，paint odo，like to eat sweet food，obesity，etc. Many high risk and risk factors in asthma group were significantly more than those of control group. Conclusion Genetic factors and environmental factors are closely related to the development of asthma in children. Familial asthma，allergic rhinitis，oam goods，passive smoking increased the risk of childhood asthma. Improvement and avoidance these risk factors，control these risk factors is very important to the prevention of occurrence and serve degree of asthma in children.
[Key words] Children；Asthma；Related factors；Risk factors
支气管哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病，是一系列炎性介质和细胞因子共同参与的呼吸道弥漫性、反复发作的变态反应性炎性疾病，其患病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势[l]。由于哮喘反复发作，严重影响着儿童的身心健康，不仅造成儿童活动受限、生活质量下降和医疗费用的增加等，同时还会影响到儿童的心理发育及以后的成长。因此进一步了解小儿哮喘发病的相关因素，通过对哮喘危险因素的研究 ......
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