ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原菌分布及多重耐药性分析
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[摘要] 目的 探讨ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)的病原菌分布及多重耐药性。方法 回顾性分析我院2007年8月~2010年6月ICU病房54例VAP患者的临床资料,了解其病原菌的构成及其药物敏感性。结果 共检出病原菌87株,其中革兰阴性(G-)杆菌占67.8%,革兰阳性(G+)球菌占23.0%,真菌占9.2%。铜绿假单胞杆菌最多(31.0%),其次为金黄色葡萄球菌(16.1%)和不动杆菌(14.9%)。G-杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药性较低(<12%);G+球菌中,未发现耐利奈唑胺和万古霉素的葡萄球菌。结论 ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎以G-杆菌为主,且呈多重耐药性,临床应重视病原菌的检测及敏感抗生素的使用。
[关键词] 呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP);病原菌;多重耐药性
[中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)21-115-02
The Research of Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution and Multi-drug Resistance of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in ICU
YAN Guangling
ICU of the First People’s Hospital of Pinghu City,Zhejiang Province,Pinghu 314200,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and multi-drug resistance of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods 54 cases of VAP in our hospital from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively;the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility were detected. Results Among 87 strains of isolated pathogens,the gram-negative bacteria accounted for 67.8%,the gram-positive bacteria for 23.0%,and the fungi for 9.2%. The isolating rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest 31.0% and then was Staphylococcus aurous and Acinetobacter(each for 16.1% and 14.9%). Gram-negative bacillus showed low resistance to Carbopenems(<12%). Gram-positive coccobacteria was not found the strains can revisited the Vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria were the majority of the pathogens isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU. Clinical doctors should think highly of pathogen detection and rational application of antibiotics.
[Key words] Ventilator-associated pneumonia;Pathogens;Multi-drug resistance
呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)是指经气管插管或切开,行机械通气48h后或拔管后48h内所出现的肺部感染[1,2],是机械通气的主要并发症之一,病死率高达33%~71%[3]。为有效治疗VAP,明确感染菌群的流行分布及耐药特点,我们回顾性分析了我院2007年8月~2010年6月我院ICU病房54例患VAP患者的病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床预防和治疗VAP提供参考。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料
收集2007年8月~2010年6月本院ICU收治的机械通气超过48h,诊断为VAP患者的临床资料。VAP患者共54例,其中男37例、女17例,年龄23~87岁,平均54岁。基础疾病为:急性中毒9例,心肺复苏8例,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并呼吸衰竭11例,急性重症胰腺炎10例,重症肺炎5例,脑血管意外11例。
1.2VAP诊断标准
符合中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定的《医院获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》标准[4]:使用机械通气48h后胸部X线示肺部浸润阴影或出现新的浸润阴影 ......
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