儿童支气管哮喘与变应性鼻炎家族变应史和过敏因素对比分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的 分析儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的家族变应史过敏因素关系，为预防控制提供参考。方法 单纯哮喘组75例，单纯变应性鼻炎组125例，混合组68例，急性上呼吸道感染、急性支气管炎及支气管肺炎65例为对照组，对其过敏史、家族史和过敏物质进行调查和分析。结果 鼻炎组、哮喘组、混合组的个人过敏史阳性率、家族变应史阳性率均显著高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；变应原皮试实验阳性物质前2位的是粉尘螨和屋尘螨。结论 变应性鼻炎是儿童支气管哮喘致病和发展的危险因素，过敏性疾病与遗传密切相关，环境因素的影响也不容忽视。
[关键词] 哮喘；鼻炎；过敏因素；儿童
[中图分类号] R725.6；R765.21[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)25-57-02
Analysis of Family History and Allergic Factors of Bronchial Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Children
LIU JianghaiZHANG ZhaohuanCHEN Zhengzheng
Putuo People’s Hospital of Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the relationship between family history and allergic factors of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in children, making reference for the prevention and control of these diseases. Methods There were 75 cases of asthma (asthma group), 125 cases of allergic rhinitis (rhinitis group), 68 cases of asthma and allergic rhinitis (mixed group), and 65 cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia as control group. Their allergy and family historys and allergens were investigated and analyzed. Results Rhinitis group, asthma group, mixed group were significantly higher than control group on the positive rate of personal history of allergies and family history change, the differences were statistically significant (both were P<0.05).The positive skin test of allergen were dust mites and house dust mites. Conclusion Allergic rhinitis must be considered as a risk pathogenetic and developing factor of bronchial asthma in children. Allergic diseases are closely related to genetics. The factor of environment also must be valued.
[Key words] Asthma; Rhinitis; Allergic factors; Children
变应性鼻炎与支气管哮喘均为常见的呼吸道过敏性疾病，严重影响儿童健康。儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的关系较为密切，哮喘患者中合并变应性鼻炎者达60%，而哮喘儿童中高达80%[1]，近年来鼻部疾病与支气管哮喘的相关性也备受医学界的关注。我们通过对我院儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的过敏因素进行调查分析，现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
随机选择2009年2月～2011年2月我院儿科及五官科门诊和病房诊断为支气管哮喘或变应性鼻炎患儿共268例，男148例，女120例，年龄4个月～13岁，平均(6.35±2.47)岁，均符合儿童支气管哮喘诊断标准[2]和/或变应性鼻炎诊断标准[3]。其中患支气管哮喘而无变应性鼻炎者75例，占27.99%，其中男42例，女33例，年龄4个月～12岁，平均(6.34±2.74)岁，为单纯哮喘组；患变应性鼻炎而无支气管哮喘者125例，占46.64%，其中男69例，女56例，年龄4个月～13岁，平均(6.64±2.23)岁，为单纯变应性鼻炎组；有支气管哮喘也有变应性鼻炎病史者68例，占25.37%，其中男38例，女30例，年龄4个月～13岁，平均(6.86±2.44)岁，为混合组。所有患儿均经小儿呼吸内科和耳鼻喉科进行详细检查 ......
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