胶州市中小学学生结核病发病特征分析(1)
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[摘要]目的 分析胶州市中小学生结核病发病特征，为进一步加强学校结核病预防、诊断、治疗提供依据。方法 利用2007～2010年结核病管理信息系统报告的结核病发病资料及相关学生结核病病历信息，分析胶州市学生结核病病例的发病特征。结果 肺结核学生中高中阶段占85%；痰结核菌阳性的学生占肺结核学生数的28%；肺结核病灶在单侧肺者71.4%，双侧者28.6%。病变仅累及上中肺野的占74.3%，累及下肺野的占25.3%。有肺结核同学密切接触史者占发病人数的12.5%。结论 中小学生肺结核患者以高中阶段最常见；结核病变在单侧肺者多见，而且在上中肺野多见；学校内的传染现象不容忽视。学校及社会应该重视结核病的危害，配合医疗机构做到防治结合，防止结核病在学校蔓延。
[关键词] 结核病； 学生 ； 特征
[中图分类号] R52 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)31-13-02
TB Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Students in Jiaozhou City
ZHANG Junjie ZHANG Xiaojuan
Jiaozhou City the Third People’s Hospital，Jiaozhou 266300，China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the incidence of tuberculosis, of primary and secondary characteristicins, Jiaozhou, in order to further strengthen the school TB prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Methods Used from 2007 to 2010 reports of tuberculosis management information systems and related information of TB incidence of tuberculosis student medical information, analyzed clinical characteristics of TB student in Jiaozhou City. Results Tuberculosis in high school students accounted for 85%; sputum-positive tuberculosis students accounted for 28% of the number of students; tuberculosis lung lesions were 71.4% in the unilateral, bilateral in 28.6%. Lesions involving only the lung fields on the 74.3% involving the lower lung field accounted for 25.3%. History of close contact with tuberculosis students accounted for 12.5% of number of cases. Conclusion Tuberculos is in patients with high school students the most common; in unilateral lung tuberculosis are more common in the lung fields and in the more common; schools of infection should not be ignored. Schools and the community should pay attention to the dangers of tuberculosis, prevention and treatment combined with medical institutions do to prevent the spread of TB in school.
[Key words] Tuberculosis ; Students；Characteristics
学校结核病防治是结核病防治工作的重要组成部分。各级卫生行政部门多次下发关于加强学校结核病防治工作的通知[1-3]，使学校结核病控制工作收到了一定成效。学生肺结核患者作为一个特殊群体，越来越受到国家和社会的关注。近年来国内多所中学出现了结核病的暴发流行，给学生本人、家长和学校各方面都带来了巨大伤害。学校结核病的防治已经成为一个刻不容缓的问题。为此，作者翻阅了我市4年来学生结核病患者的所有门诊病历资料 ......
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