肥胖患者妇科腹腔镜trocar穿刺方法探讨(2)
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由于肥胖患者腹壁肥厚,腹膜外脂肪尤多,目前常规配置的10mm trocar穿刺棒仅10mm左右,加上脂肪滑润作用,很易在腹膜外滑动而不能刺入腹腔,更有甚者,一旦以为穿透而充气,形成皮下气肿,则几乎无法成功穿刺。因此首先一定要气腹完全,肥胖者腹腔阻力大,至少达14mmHg,腹壁充分顶起,增加成功几率,但是由于气腹针穿刺点往往有气体渗入,使该处再完成trocar穿刺仍有滑脱可能,尤其腹壁较厚者,因此我们先在脐孔下缘穿刺针入腹,形成完全气腹,再于脐孔上缘trocar穿刺,避免了气腹针穿刺后气压反作用及局部小气肿的作用,利于穿刺成功,实践证明几乎无失败。且脐孔下缘组织更薄弱、更少,气腹更容易,奠定成功基础。穿刺失败,则后续操作很棘手,同一处穿刺几乎无法成功,因此第一孔穿刺极为关键,尽可能不转开腹和上腹增加穿刺孔[4]。
总之,选用脐孔下缘穿刺气腹,上缘trocar穿刺,对于肥胖患者成功率较高,有一定的推广价值。
[参考文献]
[1] Kate McIlwaine, M Cameron,E Readman,et al. The effect of patient body mass index on surgical difficulty in gynaecological laparoscopy[J]. Gynecological Surgery, 2011,2(8):145-149.
[2] Camanni M,Bonino L,Delpiano EM,et al. Laparoscopy and body mass index: feasibility and outcome in obese patients treated for gynecologic diseases[J].Improving Teaching and Learning in the Humanities,2010,17(5):576
[3] Castaneda, Juan D; De Los Ros,et al. The association between body mass index and perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy: Medellin, Colombia 2002-2008[J]. Revista Colombiana de Obstetriciay Ginecologa ,2010,61(2): 108-112
[4] Nicolas Chopin,Jean Marie Malaret,Marie-Christine Lafay-Pillet,et al. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign uterine pathologies: obesity does not increase the risk of complications[J]. Human Reproduction,2009,24(12): 3057-3062.
(收稿日期:2011-09-29)
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