农村学龄前儿童龋齿状况及影响因素分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的 研究学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况及相关的危险因素。 方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取5所幼儿园的儿童进行龋齿筛查和问卷调查。 结果 男童335人,筛查出有龋齿的人数为101人,患病率为30.15%,女童322人,筛查出有龋齿的人数为100人,患病率为31.06%,睡前吃甜品、饭后不漱口、不刷牙、家长不监督刷牙是农村学龄前儿童龋齿的危险因素,其危险度及可信区间分别为:1.870(95%Cl:1.370~2.979)、2.271(1.123~4.597)、2.452(1.264~6.776)、1.390(1.221~2.688)。 结论 需要加强对学龄前儿童家长的口腔健康知识宣教,把口腔健康知识纳入到学前教育当中。
[关键词] 学龄前儿童;龋齿;影响因素
[中图分类号] R788.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2012)01-022-02
Distribution and influencing factors of dental caries in rural pre-school children
XU Juzhen1 XU Yongze2
1.Zhejiang Province Cixi City Zonghan Hospital Child Health Division, Cixi 315301, China;2. Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cixi City Zonghan Hospital, Cixi 315301, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the distribution of dental caries in rural pre-school children and the risk factors. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used and the children in five kindergartens were chosen to participate in the survey. Results There were 101 boys which had dental caries in 335 boys, and the prevalence was 30.15%. There were 100 girls which had dental caries in 322 girls, and the prevalence was 31.06%. Eating dessert before gong to bed, not rinsing after meals, not brushing teeth, and not supervising brushing teeth by parents were risk factors for dental caries, the odds ratio and the confidence interval were 1.870 (95%Cl:1.370-2.979), 2.271 (1.123-4.597), 2.452 (1.264-6.776), 1.390 (1.221-2.688), respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the study of oral health knowledge in parents, and put the oral health knowledge into pre-school study.
[Key words] Pre-school children; Dental caries; Influencing factors
龋齿是影响儿童健康的主要疾病之一,被世界卫生组织列为继心血管疾病、癌症之后的第三种重点防治的疾病。它可能影响到儿童的生长发育,引起感染性疾病和颌面部畸形等。本文主要针对农村的学龄前儿童的口腔卫生进行研究,并分析其影响因素,为农村地区预防和控制龋齿的发生提供参考。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
本研究采用随机整群抽样的方法进行,选取2010年5~11月在我卫生院管辖范围内的5所幼儿园内的学龄前儿童进行口腔检查和问卷调查。共有680名儿童参与检查和调查,收回有效数据657份,回收率为96.62%,其中男童335人,女童322人,年龄3~7岁。
1.2 诊断标准
参照WHO的标准《龋齿的诊断标准及记录符号》进行诊断[1],并把检查结果填入设计好的调查表中。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 口腔检查 由我院的口腔医生分别对所选的5所幼儿园进行口腔检查,检查方法以视诊为主,受检查者采取坐位或立位,在充足的光源下进行。把检查的结果详细的记录在册。
1.3.2 问卷调查 调查的内容主要为儿童的生活习惯和爱牙知识等,调查问卷由所在幼儿园的幼师完成。
1.4 质量控制
对参加调查的人员进行统一培训,培训后选择20名儿童进行调查 ......
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