布托啡诺与芬太尼复合布比卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的比较(1)
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[摘要] 目的 比较布托啡诺与芬太尼复合布比卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果。 方法 200例初产妇随机均分为0.12%布比卡因+0.02 mg/mL布托啡诺组(A组)和0.12%布比卡因+2 μg/mL芬太尼组(B组)。比较两组镇痛效果、Bromage评分、产程时间及Apgar评分。 结果 两组产妇在镇痛后30、60 min视觉模拟评分低于镇痛前,镇痛效果明显,但两组间30、60 min相比较视觉模拟评分无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组产妇Bromage评分、产程时间、分娩方式差异均无统计学意义。两组产妇均无严重不良反应。两组新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义。 结论 布比卡因复合布托啡诺硬膜外分娩镇痛效果好,产妇和新生儿不良反应少。
[关键词] 布托啡诺;芬太尼;布比卡因;分娩;镇痛
[中图分类号] R614.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2012)06-0090-02
A comparison of patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine combined with Butorphanol to fentanyl for labor analgesia
ZHANG Wangping
Department of Anesthesiology,Jiaxing Women and Children's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314000, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the efficacy of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with bupivacaine combined with butorphanol to fentanyl for labor analgesia. Methods Two hundred pregnancy nulliparous parturients undergoing PCEA were equally randomized to receive 0.12% bupivacaine with butorphanol 0.02 mg/mL (group A) or with 2 μg/mL fentanyl (group B). The analgesia efficacy, Bromage scores,labor duration and Apgar scores were observed. Results Visual analog scale was lower than that after PCEA in groups each, it was similiar in group A than that in group B from 30 min to 60 min during PCEA (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in Bromage scores,labor duration,labor mode and Apgar score between two groups during PCEA. No parturient had serious side effects in two groups. Conclusion PCEA with bupivacaine combined with butorphanol is as well as that with fentanyl for labor analgesia with less side effects.
[Key words] Butorphanol; Fentanyl; Bupivacaine; Labor; Analgesia
硬膜外镇痛是目前分娩镇痛的主要方式,常规采用低浓度的局麻药联合应用阿片类药物,以减少运动神经的阻滞,增强镇痛效果。本文通过与芬太尼复合布比卡因硬膜外分娩镇痛的比较,观察布托啡诺复合布比卡因硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果以及对产程,运动神经阻滞和新生儿Apgar评分等因素的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择我院2009年9月~2011年2月收治的200例足月待产、单胎,头位,要求实施硬膜外分娩镇痛并签署知情同意书的初产妇,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,年龄20~35岁,无宫缩乏力及妊娠合并症,无胎儿宫内窘迫,无硬膜外隙神经阻滞禁忌证,经检查评估可以从阴道自然分娩的产妇,随机分成两组(n = 100):A组采用0.12%布比卡因+0.02 mg/mL布托啡诺硬膜外分娩镇痛,B组采用0.12%布比卡因+2 μg/mL芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛。两组产妇在年龄、身高、体重、孕周等方面比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
1.2 镇痛方法
产妇进入第一产程后,当宫口开至2~3 cm时,经L2~3 间隙行硬膜外穿刺成功后,向上置入硬膜外导管3 cm并固定,回抽无脑脊液及血液后经硬膜外注入2% 利多卡因3 mL作为试验量,无脊麻征象后,连接电子镇痛泵(江西奥格兰医疗器械公司生产),负荷量6 mL,维持量8 mL/h,PCA 6 mL/次,锁定15 min。A组用镇痛泵持续输注0.12%布比卡因(上海禾丰制药有限公司,H31022840 25 mg/5 mL)+0.02 mg/mL布托啡诺(江苏恒瑞医药公司,H20020454 1mg/mL);B组持续输注0.12% 布比卡因+2 μg/mL芬太尼(宜昌人福药业公司,H20003688 0.5mg/10mL)复合液。宫口开全时停止给药。 ......
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