体外冲击波碎石治疗肾结石的临床疗效观察(1)
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[摘要] 目的 探讨体外冲击波碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。 方法 选择我院2008～2011年收治的肾结石患者158例给予体外冲击波碎石治疗，以结石直径分成三组，并于治疗3个月后评估治疗效果和不良反应。 结果 158例患者治疗后3个月，成功115例，总有效率达72.7%。其中A组一次性成功率为91.7%，显著高于其他两组(P < 0.05)，B和C组不存在统计学差异(P > 0.05)，所有患者均未见严重的不良反应。 结论 体外冲击波碎石技术具有定位准确、成功率高、不良反应轻等特点，尤以直径在2.0 cm以下的肾结石效果最佳。
[关键词] 肾结石；体外冲击波碎石
[中图分类号] R692.4 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673—9701(2012)26—0142—02
Analysis of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treating of renal calculi
HUANG Gelian1 WANG Qing2
1.Department of Nephrology，the First People's Hospital of Dali City in Yunnan Province，Dali 671000，China；2.Department of Cardiology，the First People's Hospital of Dali City in Yunnan Province，Dali 671000，China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment for renal calculi. Methods All 158 patients with renal calculi were treated by extracorporeal shock wave， patients were divided into 3 groups by stone diameter， the clinical effect and bad reaction were compared after 3 month treatment. Results After 3 months treatment， the total efficiency was 72.5%(115/158)， and the one time success rate of group A was 91.7%， significantly higher than other two groups(P < 0.05)， there was no difference between B and C groups(P > 0.05)， there was no adverse reaction. Conclusion ESWL has the virtue of accurate positioning， high efficiency and safe， especially in stone diameter less than 2 cm.
[Key words] Renal calculi；Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
肾结石是泌尿外科最常见的疾病之一，常由于尿量的减少、酸性尿或尿酸过高引起，多以突发性腰腹绞痛、血尿为主要临床表现，预后均较好[1]。目前临床上主要采用药物、手术治疗和微创治疗，前者可行预防性或直接溶石治疗，但仅限于非钙性结石。传统的手术治疗虽然去石效果较好，但对患者创伤较大，虽然输尿管镜和经皮肾镜等微创技术已取得长足发展，但技术要求较高、费用较贵[2]。体外冲击波碎石术以X线或B超定位结石，利用高能冲击波聚焦结石，使结石破裂随尿液排出，具有操作方便、痛苦小、费用低、方便等特点[3] ......
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