多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石212例临床分析(1)
[摘要] 目的 分析胆道镜、腹腔镜、十二指肠镜多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石的经验及价值。 方法 回顾性分析2012年9月~2015年9月应用多镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者212例的临床资料。 结果193例手术获得成功,19例中转开腹手术,其中行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)联合腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)65例,腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)联合腹腔镜下胆总管探查术(LCBDE)及经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)/EST 147例(其中经胆囊管探查取石16例,经胆总管探查取石术131例)。无严重并发症发生。随访6~12个月,无结石复发。 结论 多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石安全可靠,其创伤小、恢复快,可为肝外胆管结石治疗的首选。
[关键词] 腹腔镜;十二指肠镜;胆道镜;胆石病
[中图分类号] R657.42 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)20-0043-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the experience and value of multi-endoscope including choledochoscopy, laparoscopy and duodenoscopy in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones. Methods The clinical data of 212 cases of extrahepatic bile duct stones treated by multi-endoscope from September 2012 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 193 surgeries were successful, and 19 cases were converted to laparotomy, including 65 cases of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and 147 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)/EST(with 16 cases of transcystic duct exploration lithotomy and 131 cases of common bile duct exploration lithotomy). No serious complications occurred. They were followed up for 6 to 12 months, and no gallstones recurred. Conclusion Multi-endoscope combined treatment for extrahepatic bile duct stones is safe and reliable, with small trauma and quick recovery, which is the first choice for the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones.
[Key words] Laparoscopy; Duodenoscopy; Choledochoscopy; Gallstone disease
胆囊切除术、胆道探查术作为胆结石最常见的手术方式,其历史悠久,自19世紀至今已有一百多年的历史[1],腹腔镜胆道手术自上个世纪八十年代开始,至今才三十余年历史,但腹腔镜手术具有微创、恢复快、住院时间短等特点,在全世界迅速推广开来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)已成为胆囊结石手术治疗的金标准。我科自2012年9月~2015年9月共开展多镜联合序贯治疗胆系结石212例,效果良好,可以达到微创化治疗,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
本组212例,男102 例,女110例。年龄29~70岁,平均(51.0±5.5)岁,病程6~96个月。纳入标准:(1)所有患者经 CT、B 超或 MRI 诊断均确诊为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者;(2)所有患者及家属对手术方式及目的知悉,同意并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)排除中途退出者;(2)排除临床资料不全者;(3)排除合并有严重的心肝肾等器官不全疾病者。
1.2 治疗方法
1.2.1 二镜联合(LC+EST) 腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)联合内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)是两种术式的联合,在不同的时间分别切除胆囊及胆总管结石取石术,根据EST 及LC的先后顺序,可分为EST+术后LC、LC+术中 EST、 LC+术后EST三种术式。目前最常用的术式是 EST+术后LC,即患者先行EST术取出胆总管结石,择期行LC术,该术式可防止EST取出胆总管结石失败后,能行腹腔镜下胆总管探查术(LCBDE)弥补。缺点是EST术后容易再次产生继发性胆管结石,故一般学者认为EST术后LC最佳时机为72 h内,另外,我们临床中发现,术后置经内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)可有效降低EST术后继发性胆管结石的发生。
对于急性胆囊炎合并急性胆管炎及胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,均是经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)+EST术手术指征。首先进行ERCP,在十二指肠镜引导下,经十二指肠乳头置入导管,注入造影剂,C 型臂透视下显示结石大小、位置,再以取石网篮取石,对结石直径较大者,经碎石后取出,必要时行弓状刀十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术,在患者的乳头11~12 点位置切口,取石结束后经十二指肠乳头置入鼻胆管引流(ENBD),术后动态复查肝功能及淀粉酶等,若无异常,术后3~4 d再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。, http://www.100md.com(程刚 田平 王照红 李敏杰 刘权 易先华 张轩睿)
[关键词] 腹腔镜;十二指肠镜;胆道镜;胆石病
[中图分类号] R657.42 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)20-0043-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the experience and value of multi-endoscope including choledochoscopy, laparoscopy and duodenoscopy in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones. Methods The clinical data of 212 cases of extrahepatic bile duct stones treated by multi-endoscope from September 2012 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 193 surgeries were successful, and 19 cases were converted to laparotomy, including 65 cases of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and 147 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)/EST(with 16 cases of transcystic duct exploration lithotomy and 131 cases of common bile duct exploration lithotomy). No serious complications occurred. They were followed up for 6 to 12 months, and no gallstones recurred. Conclusion Multi-endoscope combined treatment for extrahepatic bile duct stones is safe and reliable, with small trauma and quick recovery, which is the first choice for the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones.
[Key words] Laparoscopy; Duodenoscopy; Choledochoscopy; Gallstone disease
胆囊切除术、胆道探查术作为胆结石最常见的手术方式,其历史悠久,自19世紀至今已有一百多年的历史[1],腹腔镜胆道手术自上个世纪八十年代开始,至今才三十余年历史,但腹腔镜手术具有微创、恢复快、住院时间短等特点,在全世界迅速推广开来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)已成为胆囊结石手术治疗的金标准。我科自2012年9月~2015年9月共开展多镜联合序贯治疗胆系结石212例,效果良好,可以达到微创化治疗,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
本组212例,男102 例,女110例。年龄29~70岁,平均(51.0±5.5)岁,病程6~96个月。纳入标准:(1)所有患者经 CT、B 超或 MRI 诊断均确诊为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者;(2)所有患者及家属对手术方式及目的知悉,同意并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)排除中途退出者;(2)排除临床资料不全者;(3)排除合并有严重的心肝肾等器官不全疾病者。
1.2 治疗方法
1.2.1 二镜联合(LC+EST) 腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)联合内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)是两种术式的联合,在不同的时间分别切除胆囊及胆总管结石取石术,根据EST 及LC的先后顺序,可分为EST+术后LC、LC+术中 EST、 LC+术后EST三种术式。目前最常用的术式是 EST+术后LC,即患者先行EST术取出胆总管结石,择期行LC术,该术式可防止EST取出胆总管结石失败后,能行腹腔镜下胆总管探查术(LCBDE)弥补。缺点是EST术后容易再次产生继发性胆管结石,故一般学者认为EST术后LC最佳时机为72 h内,另外,我们临床中发现,术后置经内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)可有效降低EST术后继发性胆管结石的发生。
对于急性胆囊炎合并急性胆管炎及胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,均是经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)+EST术手术指征。首先进行ERCP,在十二指肠镜引导下,经十二指肠乳头置入导管,注入造影剂,C 型臂透视下显示结石大小、位置,再以取石网篮取石,对结石直径较大者,经碎石后取出,必要时行弓状刀十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术,在患者的乳头11~12 点位置切口,取石结束后经十二指肠乳头置入鼻胆管引流(ENBD),术后动态复查肝功能及淀粉酶等,若无异常,术后3~4 d再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。, http://www.100md.com(程刚 田平 王照红 李敏杰 刘权 易先华 张轩睿)