影响人工全膝关节置换皮肤切口愈合因素研究进展(1)
[摘要] 探讨人工全膝关节置换后皮肤切口愈合的影响因素。人工全膝关节置换切口愈合不良是术后常见并发症之一,其常影响到患者术后恢复和手术疗效。其主要与患者自身状况、医师术前准备、术中操作、术后管理等密切相关。目前对人工全膝关节置换后皮肤切口愈合因素研究较多,但所得结果不尽一致。其主要与类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、营养不良、肥胖、缝合方式、引流管、止血带使用时间、手术入路等有关,这些因素不同程度地影响人工关节置换术后皮肤切口的愈合。
[关键词] 全膝关节置换;愈合因素;类风湿性关节炎;糖尿病;缝合方式;倒刺线
[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)02-0184-05
Advances in research on factors affecting skin incision healing in artificial total knee arthroplasty
SHEN Jiquan1 JI Weiping1 WANG Bo1 HE Youwu1 HUA Ailian2 YAN Zijian3
1.Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China; 2.Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China; 3.Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
[Abstract] To investigate the influencing factors of skin incision healing after total knee arthroplasty. Inferior healing of the total knee arthroplasty is one of the common complications after surgery, which often affects the postoperative recovery and surgical outcomes. It is closely related to the patient's own condition, physicians preparation before surgery, intraoperative operation, postoperative management, etc. At present, there are many researches on the factors of skin incision healing after total knee arthroplasty, but the results are not consistent. It is mainly related to rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, suture method, drainage tube, tourniquet use time, surgical approach, etc. These factors affect the healing of skin incision after artificialknee arthroplasty.
[Key words] Total knee arthroplasty; Healing factor; Rheumatoid arthritis; Diabetes; Suture method; Barbed line
隨着人口老龄化以及就医条件提高,发现和确诊膝关节炎患者日益增多。膝关节炎发展至终末阶段会导致关节疼痛、畸形及功能障碍,最终明显影响患者的日常生活。药物、理疗等保守治疗一般起效慢且收不到预期效果,且并发症多,关节腔注射、支具等治疗效果有限,因此上面两种治疗并不理想。关节镜下清理、膝关节单髁置换、髌股置换、人工全膝关节置换等治疗手段现在已越来越普及,并在基层医院推广。近年来,膝关节置换技术日益完善,全膝关节置换(TKA)成为晚期关节炎患者最重要、最有效的治疗手段,已经逐渐取代上述两种保守治疗方法,该手术能够有效地改善患者临床症状、消除关节疼痛、矫正关节畸形和改善关节功能,提高患者的生活质量[1]。但是一旦发生患者切口愈合不良并发症,往往会影响到全膝关节置换的疗效,严重者可导致手术失败。因此,作为全膝关节置换常见并发症之一,术后切口愈合不良一直是临床上重点关注的问题。本文就影响人工全膝关节置换术后皮肤切口愈合的相关危险因素做一综述。
影响手术切口愈合的因素包括患者的危险因素、皮肤切口的选择、对膝关节周围血管解剖的了解、术后适当的护理和及时处理。为更佳、更简明阐述相关因素,笔者将其分为术前、术中、术后三个阶段。 术前危险因素有: 患者可能存在先前在同一部位进行的开放性手术、控制不良的高血压、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、 低蛋白血症、BMI[体重指数:体重(kg)/身高(m2)]、免疫抑制剂、低钾血症、吸烟、酗酒、营养不良等[2,3]。术中有切口位置选择、软组织处理不当、手术时间、手术方式、止血带使用时间、镇痛方式、缝合方式、髌骨外翻和胫骨前移位、引流管使用等。术后有紧绷敷料、皮下血肿、早期过度的持续性被动运动等。影响切口愈合的因素较多,为减少切口愈合不良发生,因此就应该做好术前、术中、术后当中的每一个步骤。, 百拇医药(沈继全 季卫平 王波 何友武 华爱莲 颜子健)
[关键词] 全膝关节置换;愈合因素;类风湿性关节炎;糖尿病;缝合方式;倒刺线
[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)02-0184-05
Advances in research on factors affecting skin incision healing in artificial total knee arthroplasty
SHEN Jiquan1 JI Weiping1 WANG Bo1 HE Youwu1 HUA Ailian2 YAN Zijian3
1.Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China; 2.Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China; 3.Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
[Abstract] To investigate the influencing factors of skin incision healing after total knee arthroplasty. Inferior healing of the total knee arthroplasty is one of the common complications after surgery, which often affects the postoperative recovery and surgical outcomes. It is closely related to the patient's own condition, physicians preparation before surgery, intraoperative operation, postoperative management, etc. At present, there are many researches on the factors of skin incision healing after total knee arthroplasty, but the results are not consistent. It is mainly related to rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, suture method, drainage tube, tourniquet use time, surgical approach, etc. These factors affect the healing of skin incision after artificialknee arthroplasty.
[Key words] Total knee arthroplasty; Healing factor; Rheumatoid arthritis; Diabetes; Suture method; Barbed line
隨着人口老龄化以及就医条件提高,发现和确诊膝关节炎患者日益增多。膝关节炎发展至终末阶段会导致关节疼痛、畸形及功能障碍,最终明显影响患者的日常生活。药物、理疗等保守治疗一般起效慢且收不到预期效果,且并发症多,关节腔注射、支具等治疗效果有限,因此上面两种治疗并不理想。关节镜下清理、膝关节单髁置换、髌股置换、人工全膝关节置换等治疗手段现在已越来越普及,并在基层医院推广。近年来,膝关节置换技术日益完善,全膝关节置换(TKA)成为晚期关节炎患者最重要、最有效的治疗手段,已经逐渐取代上述两种保守治疗方法,该手术能够有效地改善患者临床症状、消除关节疼痛、矫正关节畸形和改善关节功能,提高患者的生活质量[1]。但是一旦发生患者切口愈合不良并发症,往往会影响到全膝关节置换的疗效,严重者可导致手术失败。因此,作为全膝关节置换常见并发症之一,术后切口愈合不良一直是临床上重点关注的问题。本文就影响人工全膝关节置换术后皮肤切口愈合的相关危险因素做一综述。
影响手术切口愈合的因素包括患者的危险因素、皮肤切口的选择、对膝关节周围血管解剖的了解、术后适当的护理和及时处理。为更佳、更简明阐述相关因素,笔者将其分为术前、术中、术后三个阶段。 术前危险因素有: 患者可能存在先前在同一部位进行的开放性手术、控制不良的高血压、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、 低蛋白血症、BMI[体重指数:体重(kg)/身高(m2)]、免疫抑制剂、低钾血症、吸烟、酗酒、营养不良等[2,3]。术中有切口位置选择、软组织处理不当、手术时间、手术方式、止血带使用时间、镇痛方式、缝合方式、髌骨外翻和胫骨前移位、引流管使用等。术后有紧绷敷料、皮下血肿、早期过度的持续性被动运动等。影响切口愈合的因素较多,为减少切口愈合不良发生,因此就应该做好术前、术中、术后当中的每一个步骤。, 百拇医药(沈继全 季卫平 王波 何友武 华爱莲 颜子健)