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    [摘要] 目的 探討小儿肺炎支原体肺炎高分辨率CT影像学特点，为支原体肺炎患儿早期诊断及治疗提供依据。 方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月佳木斯市妇幼保健院小儿肺炎支原体肺炎患儿52例，所有患儿均采用高分辨率CT影像诊断，总结病变分布特点、肺实质以及纵膈胸膜情况，分析支原体肺炎影像学特点与临床表现的关系。 结果 ≤3岁组支原体肺炎肺部于右肺、下侧分别为50.0%、45.8%，>3岁组右肺、下侧分别为53.6%、57.1%，在所有部位分布占比最高。影像学特点表现为支气管壁增厚及支气管充气，且≤3岁患儿磨玻璃样改变及散在斑片影分别为25.0%、66.7%，高于>3组患儿的10.7%、35.7%，差异有统计学意义(P3岁组树芽征及肺实变分别为35.7%、53.6%，高于≤3岁组的25.0%、37.5%，差异有统计学意义(P3 years old， the proportion of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in right lung and lower lung was 53.6% and 57.1% respectively， with the highest proportion of distribution in all parts. The imaging features were bronchial wall thickening and air bronchogram. The ground-glass-like changes and scattered patchy shadows in the group of children aged ≤3 years old (25.0% and 66.7% respectively) were higher than those in the group of children aged >3 years old (10.7% and 35.7% respectively) ......