〔摘要〕 中医以宏观辨证论治和整体观念为基本原则，充分体现了个体化治疗理念。原发性肝癌存在广泛肿瘤异质性，有复杂的基因突变背景。原发性肝癌微观辨证学研究应把握疾病基因多态性特点，以揭示同一种疾病不同临床证候实质及其转变规律。现代科学的发展及多学科交叉为中医对疾病整体观与微观辨证之间的关系架起研究的桥梁，为阐明原发性肝癌中医宏观辨证与现代多学科(即微观辨证学)之间的关系带来了新的机遇和挑战。

    〔关键词〕 原发性肝癌；肝细胞癌；宏观辨证；微观辨证；气血辨證

    〔中图分类号〕R256.4；R273 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2018.08.001

    〔Abstract〕 Based on the macroscopic syndrome differentiation-based treatment and the theory of holistic view， traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fully embodies the concept of individualized treatment. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma has extensive tumor heterogeneity and complex genetic mutations. The research on microscopic syndrome differentiation of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the new era should grasp the feature of gene polymorphisms to reveal the essence of different clinical syndromes of the same disease and their transformation. The development of modern and multidisciplinary science builds a bridge between the TCM theory of holistic view and microscopic syndrome differentiation and brings new opportunities and challenges for clarifying the association between TCM macroscopic syndrome differentiation and modern multidisciplinary science (i.e. ......