探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术两种入路的疗效(1)
[摘要] 目的 应用单侧椎弓根入路和双侧椎弓根入路两种方法完成经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折,对2种方法的临床疗效进行比较分析。 方法 该院于2011年9月—2014年8月收治的64例老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者按手术入路不同,依次分为A组即采用单侧椎弓根入路者和B组即采用双侧椎弓根入路者,分别以术前术后VAS评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角变化作为临床评价指标,用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行统计学分析。 结果 AB各组的术后 VAS评分分别较术前明显降低(P<0.05),椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸畸形Cobb角术后较术前均明显改善( P<0. 05);但A B两组术前术后VAS评分、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 临床研究进一步证实采用单侧椎弓根入路完成经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术较双侧椎弓根入路可以获得同样理想的疗效。
[关键词] 胸腰椎压缩性骨折;球囊扩张;椎体成形术
[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2015)04(c)-0075-03
[Abstract] Objective Comparisons and analysis of the clinical effect between PKP through unilateral and bilateral extrapedicular approach on treating elderly thoracolumbar compression fractures. Methods In our hospital from 2011 September to 2014 August were treated 64 elderly patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures divided into 2 groups according to different surgical approach: A with unilateral extrapedicular approach, B with bilateral extrapedicular approach. Applied preoperative and postoperative VAS score, vertebral height and Cobb angle change as the indexes of clinical evaluation. And the results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 13.0. Results Postoperative VAS scores are significantly lower than preoperative in both group (P<0.05)); postoperative vertebral height and Cobb angle of kyphosis are obviously improved compared with the preoperative ones(P<0.05); but comparing the preoperative and postoperative VAS score, the front edge of vertebral height and the Cobb angle between the two groups, the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Clinical studies confirm that compared with PKP through bilateral extrapedicular approach, PKP through unilateral extrapedicular approach can achieve the same desired effect.
[Key words] Vertebral compression fracture; Balloon dilatation; Vertebroplasty
经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)被骨科界认为是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种理想方法。但手术过程中,究竟是采用单侧椎弓根入路还是实行双侧椎弓根入路仍存在争议。该研究整群选取2011年9月—2014年8月该院收治的64例患者为研究对象,探讨应用这两种入路实施手术的近期疗效,为PKP手术选择更好的入路提供临床依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
整群选取2011年9月—2014年8月该院完成的经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形手术,分别采用单侧椎弓根入路和双侧椎弓根入路两种方法治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折并获随访的64例患者的病例资料进行总结。骨折椎体分布范围胸10~腰4。采用单侧椎弓根入路手术者入A 组,共32 例,34椎,平均年龄(67.3±7.8)岁,男14例,女18例,I0压缩8个椎,II020椎,III06椎;采用双侧椎弓根入路者入B 组,共32 例,34椎,平均年龄(66.5±8.2)岁,男13例,女19例,I0压缩7椎,II022椎,III05椎。两组患者在年龄、性别、骨折压缩分型等基本资料上比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 手术方法
A组:①患者俯卧位,手术在C型臂监视下进行,确认伤椎椎弓根体表投影并标记;(2)局部浸润麻醉,若在左侧经皮穿刺于椎弓根正位投影的10点位进针,右侧则于椎弓根正位投影的2点位进针,穿刺针与矢状面夹角15~20°,矢状面上角度与压缩椎体终板平行,通过椎弓根针尖达椎体后缘骨皮质前方2~3 mm处,更换为穿刺针外套管,插入平头骨钻,钻至尖端距椎体前壁约5 mm,扩大骨通道,运用推杆压平骨通道,将扩骨球囊置入椎体中,侧位透视球囊位于椎体前3/ 4 处,正位透视球囊越过椎体中线,使球囊扩张,观察椎体复位情况,撑开靠近终板即停止;(3)将配制好的“稀糊期”骨水泥吸入注射器;④球囊已拔出,待骨水泥至“黏稠期”牙膏状时,在C型臂连续正位和侧位透视下,将骨水泥缓慢推入,一旦发现骨水泥向外渗漏即停止注射,并不断询问患者双下肢活动及感觉障碍否;⑤注射结束后用骨水泥推杆压住骨水泥直到体外骨水泥凝固时旋转拔针,无菌敷料包扎伤口,术毕。卧床24 h后佩戴胸腰支具下床活动。, http://www.100md.com(刘跃华)
[关键词] 胸腰椎压缩性骨折;球囊扩张;椎体成形术
[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2015)04(c)-0075-03
[Abstract] Objective Comparisons and analysis of the clinical effect between PKP through unilateral and bilateral extrapedicular approach on treating elderly thoracolumbar compression fractures. Methods In our hospital from 2011 September to 2014 August were treated 64 elderly patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures divided into 2 groups according to different surgical approach: A with unilateral extrapedicular approach, B with bilateral extrapedicular approach. Applied preoperative and postoperative VAS score, vertebral height and Cobb angle change as the indexes of clinical evaluation. And the results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 13.0. Results Postoperative VAS scores are significantly lower than preoperative in both group (P<0.05)); postoperative vertebral height and Cobb angle of kyphosis are obviously improved compared with the preoperative ones(P<0.05); but comparing the preoperative and postoperative VAS score, the front edge of vertebral height and the Cobb angle between the two groups, the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Clinical studies confirm that compared with PKP through bilateral extrapedicular approach, PKP through unilateral extrapedicular approach can achieve the same desired effect.
[Key words] Vertebral compression fracture; Balloon dilatation; Vertebroplasty
经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)被骨科界认为是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种理想方法。但手术过程中,究竟是采用单侧椎弓根入路还是实行双侧椎弓根入路仍存在争议。该研究整群选取2011年9月—2014年8月该院收治的64例患者为研究对象,探讨应用这两种入路实施手术的近期疗效,为PKP手术选择更好的入路提供临床依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
整群选取2011年9月—2014年8月该院完成的经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形手术,分别采用单侧椎弓根入路和双侧椎弓根入路两种方法治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折并获随访的64例患者的病例资料进行总结。骨折椎体分布范围胸10~腰4。采用单侧椎弓根入路手术者入A 组,共32 例,34椎,平均年龄(67.3±7.8)岁,男14例,女18例,I0压缩8个椎,II020椎,III06椎;采用双侧椎弓根入路者入B 组,共32 例,34椎,平均年龄(66.5±8.2)岁,男13例,女19例,I0压缩7椎,II022椎,III05椎。两组患者在年龄、性别、骨折压缩分型等基本资料上比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 手术方法
A组:①患者俯卧位,手术在C型臂监视下进行,确认伤椎椎弓根体表投影并标记;(2)局部浸润麻醉,若在左侧经皮穿刺于椎弓根正位投影的10点位进针,右侧则于椎弓根正位投影的2点位进针,穿刺针与矢状面夹角15~20°,矢状面上角度与压缩椎体终板平行,通过椎弓根针尖达椎体后缘骨皮质前方2~3 mm处,更换为穿刺针外套管,插入平头骨钻,钻至尖端距椎体前壁约5 mm,扩大骨通道,运用推杆压平骨通道,将扩骨球囊置入椎体中,侧位透视球囊位于椎体前3/ 4 处,正位透视球囊越过椎体中线,使球囊扩张,观察椎体复位情况,撑开靠近终板即停止;(3)将配制好的“稀糊期”骨水泥吸入注射器;④球囊已拔出,待骨水泥至“黏稠期”牙膏状时,在C型臂连续正位和侧位透视下,将骨水泥缓慢推入,一旦发现骨水泥向外渗漏即停止注射,并不断询问患者双下肢活动及感觉障碍否;⑤注射结束后用骨水泥推杆压住骨水泥直到体外骨水泥凝固时旋转拔针,无菌敷料包扎伤口,术毕。卧床24 h后佩戴胸腰支具下床活动。, http://www.100md.com(刘跃华)