多排螺旋CT对腹腔游离气体病因学的诊断价值(1)
[摘要] 目的 探讨多排螺旋CT对腹腔游离气体病因学的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析该院2016 年1—7月收治的29例临床随访证实的腹腔游离气体患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 29例患者胃溃疡穿孔7 例,十二指肠溃疡穿孔13例、异物穿孔1例,胆囊炎伴穿孔2例,胃癌穿孔1例,腹部手術术后3例(胃癌术后1例,胆囊术后1例,直肠癌术后1例),肝脓肿破裂1例,重症胰腺炎假性囊肿形成伴脓肿破裂1例。所有患者腹部CT均见腹膜内/腹膜外游离气体影,穿孔者多可见肠壁/管壁不连续及局部炎症改变。结论 结合病史,多层螺旋CT有助于腹腔游离气体进行定性及定位诊断。
[关键词] 腹腔游离气体;消化道穿孔;脓肿破裂;多排螺旋CT
[中图分类号] R656 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)04(c)-0188-04
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the value of multi-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of free intraperitoneal air etiology. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 29 cases of patients with free intraperitoneal air admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2016 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 29 cases of patients, there were 7 cases with Peptic ulcer with perforation, 13 cases with perforated duodenal bulb ulcer, 1 case with foreign body perforation, 2 cases with cholecystitis with perforation, 1 case with perforation of gastric carcinoma, 3 cases after the abdominal operation (1 case after the gastric carcinoma, 1 case after the gallbladder operation and 1 case after the rectal carcinoma), 1 case with hepatapostema, 1 case with severe pancreatic pseudocyst with abscess rupture, and the abdominal CT showed that all patients had the free intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal air, and most perforation persons had the intestinal wall / tube wall discontinuity and local inflammatory change. Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT contributes to the qualitative and positioning diagnosis of free intraperitoneal air combined with the history disease.
[Key words] Free intraperitoneal air; Perforation of the digestive tract; Abscess rupture; Multi-slice spiral CT
腹腔游离气体在临床上并不罕见,其发生原因众多,可为消化道穿及非消化道穿孔,从医源性和良性因素到危及生命的空腔脏器穿孔等多种病因皆可导致[1]。对一些需要紧急手术者,术前精准定位及定性诊断对治疗方案的制定及实施意义重大[2]。CT尤其是多排螺旋CT可明确气腹尤其是少许气腹的存在,在多数时候可提示病因及协助定位[3]。现回顾性分析该院2016 年1 —7月收治的29例临床随访证实的腹腔游离气体患者的临床及影像学资料,旨在探讨多排螺旋CT在游离气腹症中的诊断价值,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
29例游离气腹患者,其中男23例,女6例,年龄7~85岁(平均54.86岁)。行CT检查:3例为腹盆腔手术术后1周内常规检查(胃癌术后1例,胆囊癌术后1例,直肠癌术后1例);25例以急性腹痛、腹胀行CT检查,伴发热5例。病程中25例行立位腹平片DR检查,距离CT检查时间3~28 h。
1.2 CT检查及评价方法
使用Prospeed16排或64排螺旋CT机。空腹,除1例左侧卧位外余均为仰卧位,扫描范围自膈顶至肾脏下极。4例以3.5~4 mL/s的注射流率、高压注射器经肘静脉静注碘海醇100 mL行多期增强扫描。主要扫描参数:120 kV,250 mAs,准直宽度0.625×64,螺距1.0,获得原始数据常规重建成层厚及5 mm的横断图像及薄层矢状位、冠状位图像。 由两名高年资影像诊断医师共同分析,协商一致,选择合适的窗宽及窗位,观察记录腹腔内有无游离气体及位置、形态、体积,仔细分析游离气腹的可能病变部位,病灶形状、病变周围脂肪层内有无异常密度、腹腔内有无积液等。
2 结果
2.1 腹腔游离气体位置、形态大小
腹腔游离气体主要位于腹腔前上部,其中剑突下隐窝积气(n=22)、肝周及右肝下间隙(n=10)、小网膜囊区积气(n=6)、肠系膜间隙(n=4)、脾周间隙(n=2)、腹膜后间隙(n=1),部分病例可多处积气。气体形态可为大小不等圆形气泡及新月形影,CT值为±1.000 HU。估测气体体积总范围为0.20~98.42 mL,平均17.68 mL。根据耿兴东建议的腹腔游离气体体积标准[2],该组少量(<10 mL)17例,中量(10~80 mL)10例,大量(>80 mL)2例。, 百拇医药(孙浩群 丁长青 代兰兰 刘文)
[关键词] 腹腔游离气体;消化道穿孔;脓肿破裂;多排螺旋CT
[中图分类号] R656 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)04(c)-0188-04
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the value of multi-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of free intraperitoneal air etiology. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 29 cases of patients with free intraperitoneal air admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2016 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 29 cases of patients, there were 7 cases with Peptic ulcer with perforation, 13 cases with perforated duodenal bulb ulcer, 1 case with foreign body perforation, 2 cases with cholecystitis with perforation, 1 case with perforation of gastric carcinoma, 3 cases after the abdominal operation (1 case after the gastric carcinoma, 1 case after the gallbladder operation and 1 case after the rectal carcinoma), 1 case with hepatapostema, 1 case with severe pancreatic pseudocyst with abscess rupture, and the abdominal CT showed that all patients had the free intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal air, and most perforation persons had the intestinal wall / tube wall discontinuity and local inflammatory change. Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT contributes to the qualitative and positioning diagnosis of free intraperitoneal air combined with the history disease.
[Key words] Free intraperitoneal air; Perforation of the digestive tract; Abscess rupture; Multi-slice spiral CT
腹腔游离气体在临床上并不罕见,其发生原因众多,可为消化道穿及非消化道穿孔,从医源性和良性因素到危及生命的空腔脏器穿孔等多种病因皆可导致[1]。对一些需要紧急手术者,术前精准定位及定性诊断对治疗方案的制定及实施意义重大[2]。CT尤其是多排螺旋CT可明确气腹尤其是少许气腹的存在,在多数时候可提示病因及协助定位[3]。现回顾性分析该院2016 年1 —7月收治的29例临床随访证实的腹腔游离气体患者的临床及影像学资料,旨在探讨多排螺旋CT在游离气腹症中的诊断价值,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
29例游离气腹患者,其中男23例,女6例,年龄7~85岁(平均54.86岁)。行CT检查:3例为腹盆腔手术术后1周内常规检查(胃癌术后1例,胆囊癌术后1例,直肠癌术后1例);25例以急性腹痛、腹胀行CT检查,伴发热5例。病程中25例行立位腹平片DR检查,距离CT检查时间3~28 h。
1.2 CT检查及评价方法
使用Prospeed16排或64排螺旋CT机。空腹,除1例左侧卧位外余均为仰卧位,扫描范围自膈顶至肾脏下极。4例以3.5~4 mL/s的注射流率、高压注射器经肘静脉静注碘海醇100 mL行多期增强扫描。主要扫描参数:120 kV,250 mAs,准直宽度0.625×64,螺距1.0,获得原始数据常规重建成层厚及5 mm的横断图像及薄层矢状位、冠状位图像。 由两名高年资影像诊断医师共同分析,协商一致,选择合适的窗宽及窗位,观察记录腹腔内有无游离气体及位置、形态、体积,仔细分析游离气腹的可能病变部位,病灶形状、病变周围脂肪层内有无异常密度、腹腔内有无积液等。
2 结果
2.1 腹腔游离气体位置、形态大小
腹腔游离气体主要位于腹腔前上部,其中剑突下隐窝积气(n=22)、肝周及右肝下间隙(n=10)、小网膜囊区积气(n=6)、肠系膜间隙(n=4)、脾周间隙(n=2)、腹膜后间隙(n=1),部分病例可多处积气。气体形态可为大小不等圆形气泡及新月形影,CT值为±1.000 HU。估测气体体积总范围为0.20~98.42 mL,平均17.68 mL。根据耿兴东建议的腹腔游离气体体积标准[2],该组少量(<10 mL)17例,中量(10~80 mL)10例,大量(>80 mL)2例。, 百拇医药(孙浩群 丁长青 代兰兰 刘文)