医院耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的临床分布特征及耐药性分析(1)
[摘要] 目的 探讨医院中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的分布特点和耐药性情况。 方法 选择该院2016年7月—2017年11月分离的76株MRSA标本，对其分布情况进行分析，并展开药敏实验，分析其耐药性。 结果 76株MRSA中，痰液检出率最高，为39.47%，其次为分泌物，为25.00%；最后是脓液，检出率为18.42%，与其他几种样本类型对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从科室方面来看，ICU分布率最高，为32.89%，其次为呼吸内科，为26.32%，最后是烧伤科，为19.74%，与其他科室所占比例相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRSA对青霉素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、呋喃妥因以及氯霉素的耐药率依次为100.00%、96.05%、97.36%、94.74%、73.68%、85.53%、60.53%、0.00%、7.89%、10.53%，万古霉素耐药率最低，其次是呋喃妥因，最后是氯霉素，与其他药物比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论MRSA多分布于骨科科、伤口分泌物标本，对多种抗菌药物均有耐药性，治疗时需依据药敏实验结果灵活选用抗生素。
[关键词] 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌；分布特点；耐药性
[中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)08(a)-0190-03
Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Hospitals
LI Gui-mei， HUANG Hong-zhang
Department of Clinical Laboratory， 273th Hospital， Korla， Xinjiang， 841000 China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals. Methods 76 MRSA specimens isolated from the hospital from July 2016 to November 2017 were analysed for their distribution and drug susceptibility testing was conducted to analyze their drug resistance. Results Among the 76 strains of MRSA， the highest detection rate of sputum was 39.47%， followed by secretion， which was 25.00%； the last was pus， the detection rate was 18.42%， which was compared with other types of samples， with difference statistical significance (P<0.05).From the perspective of the department， the highest ICU distribution rate was 32.89%， followed by respiratory medicine， 26.32%， and finally burns， which was 19.74%， which was statistically significant compared with other departments (P<0.05). MRSA resistance rates to penicillin， azithromycin， ciprofloxacin， erythromycin， tetracycline gentamicin， clindamycin， vancomycin， nitrofurantoin， and chloramphenicol were 100.00%， 96.05%， 97.36%， 94.74%， 73.68%， 85.53%， 60.53%， 0.00%， 7.89%， 10.53%. The vancomycin resistance rate was the lowest， followed by nitrofurantoin， and finally chloramphenicol， which was statistically significant compared with other drugs (P<0.05). Conclusion MRSA is mostly distributed in specimens of orthopaedics and wound secretions， and it is resistant to various antibiotics. Therefore， antibiotics should be used flexibly according to the results of drug sensitivity test.
[Key words] Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus； Distribution characteristics； Drug resistance
MRSA具有多重耐藥性，多种抗生素均有耐药性，已经成为现阶段医院感染的一个严重问题，在世界最难解决的3个感染性疾病中居于首位[1-2]。不仅如此，MRSA感染可于多个部位发生，且分布较为广泛，临床治疗难度极大。通常而言，MRSA好发于老年患者、侵入性操作等患者，可通过多种途径发生感染[3-4]。为进一步对医院中MRSA感染分布的特点及其耐压性展开探讨，该次研究对2016年7月—2017年11月分离的76株MRSA标本进行分析，现报道如下。, http://www.100md.com(李桂梅 黄宏章)
[关键词] 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌；分布特点；耐药性
[中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)08(a)-0190-03
Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Hospitals
LI Gui-mei， HUANG Hong-zhang
Department of Clinical Laboratory， 273th Hospital， Korla， Xinjiang， 841000 China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals. Methods 76 MRSA specimens isolated from the hospital from July 2016 to November 2017 were analysed for their distribution and drug susceptibility testing was conducted to analyze their drug resistance. Results Among the 76 strains of MRSA， the highest detection rate of sputum was 39.47%， followed by secretion， which was 25.00%； the last was pus， the detection rate was 18.42%， which was compared with other types of samples， with difference statistical significance (P<0.05).From the perspective of the department， the highest ICU distribution rate was 32.89%， followed by respiratory medicine， 26.32%， and finally burns， which was 19.74%， which was statistically significant compared with other departments (P<0.05). MRSA resistance rates to penicillin， azithromycin， ciprofloxacin， erythromycin， tetracycline gentamicin， clindamycin， vancomycin， nitrofurantoin， and chloramphenicol were 100.00%， 96.05%， 97.36%， 94.74%， 73.68%， 85.53%， 60.53%， 0.00%， 7.89%， 10.53%. The vancomycin resistance rate was the lowest， followed by nitrofurantoin， and finally chloramphenicol， which was statistically significant compared with other drugs (P<0.05). Conclusion MRSA is mostly distributed in specimens of orthopaedics and wound secretions， and it is resistant to various antibiotics. Therefore， antibiotics should be used flexibly according to the results of drug sensitivity test.
[Key words] Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus； Distribution characteristics； Drug resistance
MRSA具有多重耐藥性，多种抗生素均有耐药性，已经成为现阶段医院感染的一个严重问题，在世界最难解决的3个感染性疾病中居于首位[1-2]。不仅如此，MRSA感染可于多个部位发生，且分布较为广泛，临床治疗难度极大。通常而言，MRSA好发于老年患者、侵入性操作等患者，可通过多种途径发生感染[3-4]。为进一步对医院中MRSA感染分布的特点及其耐压性展开探讨，该次研究对2016年7月—2017年11月分离的76株MRSA标本进行分析，现报道如下。, http://www.100md.com(李桂梅 黄宏章)