诺罗病毒性肠炎的观察与护理(2)
诺罗病毒具有很强的传染性,它可以通过飞沫传播、粪口传播和接触传播。患者从发病直到病情痊愈后的2 d内都还有传染力。患者的粪便、、呕吐物、唾液,患者接触过的环境物品都可能成为传染源。特别是在人口密集的区域暴发流行。例如:老年公寓、幼儿园、医院、学校、餐馆、游轮、军营等。近几年医院内发生诺罗病毒感染呈上升趋势[3]。诺罗病毒感染后发病很突然,它的潜伏期为4 h～3 d,但一般是在15 h～2 d,感染者在24 h出现极度的恶心伴有喷射性的呕吐,超过半数以上的感染者往往伴有腹部绞痛,大约1/3的患者伴有头痛,肌肉疼痛,四肢酸胀,低烧和厌食[4]。腹泻为水样腹泻,表面没有血液和黏液。症状常常持续12～60 h,但是大部分患者在48 h后症状开始好转。诺罗病毒性肠炎没有特殊的治疗,每一个患者应该饮足够的水避免脱水,大部分患者在2～3 d恢复。
[参考文献]
[1]Fankhauser RL,Monroe SS,Nod JS,et al. Epidemiologic and molecular treands of “Norwalk-like Viruses” associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States [J]. Journal of Infectious Diseases ,2002,186(1):1-7.
[2]Headlund KO,Rubilar-Abreue,Svenssan L.Epidemiology of Calivirus infections in Sweden,1994-1998[J]. J Infect Dis.,2000,181(2):275-280.
[3]Gallimore, CL, Lewis D, Taylor C,et al. Chronic excretion of a norovirus in a child with cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH)[J]. J Clin Virol,2004,30:196-204.
[4]Herrmann JE,Nnowak NA, Perron-Henry DM, et al. Diagnosis of astrovirus gastroenteritis by antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies[J]. J. Infect. Dis,1990,161:226-229.
(收稿日期:2010-02-26), http://www.100md.com(唐群英)
[参考文献]
[1]Fankhauser RL,Monroe SS,Nod JS,et al. Epidemiologic and molecular treands of “Norwalk-like Viruses” associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States [J]. Journal of Infectious Diseases ,2002,186(1):1-7.
[2]Headlund KO,Rubilar-Abreue,Svenssan L.Epidemiology of Calivirus infections in Sweden,1994-1998[J]. J Infect Dis.,2000,181(2):275-280.
[3]Gallimore, CL, Lewis D, Taylor C,et al. Chronic excretion of a norovirus in a child with cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH)[J]. J Clin Virol,2004,30:196-204.
[4]Herrmann JE,Nnowak NA, Perron-Henry DM, et al. Diagnosis of astrovirus gastroenteritis by antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies[J]. J. Infect. Dis,1990,161:226-229.
(收稿日期:2010-02-26), http://www.100md.com(唐群英)