综合门诊患者抑郁及相关因素的分析(1)
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2010年11月15日
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[摘要] 目的：了解哪些因素可引起综合门诊内科患者的抑郁情绪。方法：以本院3个月内综合门诊内科患者作为调查对象，采取抑郁自评量表(SDS)和自编的问卷，从性别、健康状况、经济状况、人际关系、社会地位、工作压力、娱乐活动、自我感受、家中地位和生活情趣等多个因素进行调查。结果：综合门诊内科患者抑郁情绪与性别、健康状况、社会地位、生活情趣有密切关系，SDS得分高并有较多抑郁情绪(P<0.05)；女性患者是男性患者的2.3倍(P<0.01)；高学历患者SDS分高于低学历患者，有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论：综合门诊内科患者抑郁情绪是一种普遍现象，女性多于男性，高学历人群更易患抑郁情绪。
[关键词] 综合门诊；内科患者；抑郁情绪；相关因素
[中图分类号] R195 [文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1674-4721(2010)11(b)-156-02
Analysis on depression and related factors of comprehensive outpatient
LIU Shu, BAI Guorui, LI Yongfeng
(The Mental Hospital of Tonghua City, Jilin Province, Tonghua 134001, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To survey the depressive mood and related factors in outpatients of physical department. Methods: The physical outpatients of three months in Tonghua psychosis hospital were selected. Zung slfe-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-designed questionnaire were used to evaluate the depression of patients in the view of gender physical status, economical status, interpersonal relationship, social status, professional pressure, entertainment, self feelings, family situation and life interests. Results: Depression of the outpatients in the physical department were related to gender, physical status, social status and life interests. The patients scored higher and were more depressed (P<0.05). The scores of the female patients were two point three times than that of the male patients. Scores of the patients with high education level were lower than those with lower education level(P<0.01). Conclusion: Depression in the outpatients in physical department is common. Depression in female outpatients are more than that in male patients. Patients with high education level are susceptible to depression.
[Key words] Comprehensive outpatient; Medical patients; Depression; Related factors
抑郁是综合门诊患者常见的情绪反应，多以情绪低落为主要特征，时常有唉声叹气、兴趣缺乏、悲观失望、思维迟钝、行为减少、睡眠障碍、食欲下降等，且社会功能往往受损，给患者造成痛苦或不良后果。关于抑郁情绪的研究已有很多报道，对综合科患者的抑郁情绪研究较少，笔者用抑郁自评问卷(SDS)对本院综合门诊内科患者的抑郁情绪进行初步调查分析，并探讨其相关因素。
1 对象与方法
1.1 调查对象
选择2008年7～9月来本院综合门诊就诊的内科患者，共发放问卷289份，收回有效问卷273份。从有效问卷中随机抽取192份，其中，男86例，女106例，平均年龄(27.9±4.78)岁；学历小学以下24例，初中36例，高中67例，大专44例，本科21例；年龄21～25岁64例，26～30岁93例，31～35岁23例，36岁以上12例；职业为教师19例，财会16例，医护人员23例，个体35例，工人43例，无职业56例。
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