早期教育对早产儿大运动发育的影响
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[摘要] 目的：探索早期教育对早产儿大运动发育的影响。方法：将本院产科出生的100例早产儿随机分为早教组和对照组，定期使用首都儿科研究所(首都儿研所)编制的《0～6岁小儿神经心理发育检查表》(简称儿心量表)对大运动发育进行测试评估，测试结果以发育商(DQ)表示。6个月内每个月评估1次，7～12个月每2个月评估1次，13～24个月每3个月评估1次，比较两组差异，观察早期教育对早产儿大运动发育的影响。结果：早教组大运动DQ值高于对照组，表明从新生儿期开始早期教育确实能促进早产儿大运动发育。结论：早期教育能促进早产儿大运动发育，尽早、长期地进行早期教育是开发儿童大脑潜能发育的一种有效手段。
[关键词] 早期教育；早产儿；大运动；发育
[中图分类号] R-04 [文献标识码] C[文章编号] 1674-4721(2011)07(a)-136-02
The influence of large motor development of premature infant with early education
XU Zhibing, DU Defeng, ZHANG Xiaoyan
Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yunfu City, Guangdong Province, Yunfu 527300, China
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the influence of large motor development of premature infant with early education. Methods: 100 cases of obstetric preterm born in our hospital were divided into early education group and control group, used Capital Institute of Pediatrics (the capital of children IAS) prepared by the "0 to 6 years old neuropsychological development in children checklist" (the child heart scale) to test for large motor development assessment regularly, test results was indicated by development quotient (DQ). Assessed 1 time within 6 months, assessed every 2 months within 7 to 12 months, assessed every 3 months within 13 to 24 months, compared with two groups of differences, observed early time educated to the premature infant big movement growth influence. Results: The DQ in early education group was higher than the control group, it indicated that start early education from the neonatal period could indeed promote large motor development in preterm children. Conclusion: The early education can promote the premature infant big movement growth, it is one effective measure to develop the child cerebrum potential growth as soon as possible.
[Key words] Early education; Premature infant; Large motor; Development
早产儿是指妊娠不足37周出生的新生儿，是高危儿中较多见的一种，原因多种多样。由于现代医学科学的发展，救治早产儿的技术水平不断提高,让早产儿和低出生体重儿的存活率也不断提高。早产儿孕周越少，发育越不成熟，新生儿期发生疾病越多，易患一些并发症，如呼吸困难、缺氧、颅内出血、脑组织损伤、高胆红素血症及严重的感染等，这些可以引起大脑缺氧，使大脑得不到充足的营养，影响大脑的正常发育。运动发育是婴儿神经系统发育的一个重要标志，婴儿期运动发育迟缓更多的是脑瘫、智力低下等疾病的早期表现。要使早产儿的身高、体重赶上正常水平已经不是难事，但是要使早产儿和低出生体重儿的智能发育赶上正常儿童的发育水平就不是一件容易的事，而这些正是家长们最担忧和迫切需要帮助的问题。本研究从新生儿期开始实施早期干预，及时给予指导，以预防或减轻早产儿脑性瘫痪导致的运动发育迟缓 ......
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