吗啡控释剂口服和经直肠途径治疗癌痛的疗效分析
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[摘要] 目的:比较口服、经直肠两种给药途径使用硫酸吗啡控释片治疗癌痛的疗效和不良反应。方法:将中重度癌痛患者81例随机分为A组41例口服给药,B组40例经直肠给药,比较两组的止痛效果和不良反应发生率。结果:A组和B组的疼痛缓解率分别为90.2%(37/41)和92.5%(37/40),结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不良反应发生率除呼吸抑制外,其余不良反应发生率均有差异,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:口服硫酸吗啡控释片和直肠使用吗啡控释剂的止痛疗效相近;但后者的不良反应发生率明显低于前者。
[关键词] 硫酸吗啡控释片;口服;经直肠;癌痛
[中图分类号] R971+.2[文献标识码] C[文章编号] 1674-4721(2011)07(b)-073-02
Comparison the effectiveness and adverse reaction of oral and rectal controlled-release morphine in cancer pain treatment
RUAN Mei
The Fourth People′s Hospital of Zibo City, Shandong Province, Zibo 255067, China
[Abstract] Objective: To compare the effects and adverse reaction of controlled-release morphine in cancer pain treatment per oral and rectum. Methods: In 81 patients with severe cancer pain were randomly divided into A group of 41 cases of oral administration, B group of 40 patients with rectal administration, the analgesic effects were compared and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results: A group and B group of the pain relief rates were 90.2% (37/41) and 92.5% (37/40), the result was no significant difference (P>0.05); incidence of adverse reactions in addition to respiratory depression. There were other differences between the incidence rate of adverse reactions, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Oral morphine sulfate controlled-release tablets and controlled-release morphine dose of rectal pain with similar efficacy; but the latter′s adverse reactions are significantly lower than the former.
[Key words] Controlled-release morphine; Oral; Rectum; Cancer pain
癌痛一直是造成癌症患者极大痛苦和影响癌症患者生活质量的主要原因之一,据WHO统计,60%~90%的晚期癌症患者伴有不同程度的疼痛,其中,50%为中重度疼痛,30%为难以忍受的剧烈疼痛[1]。癌痛在引起全世界范围内关注的同时,癌痛的治疗也同样困扰着医学界,影响着整个肿瘤的治疗。吗啡一直是治疗癌痛的经典用药,其口服给药的方式方便,乐于为患者所接受。但是,口服吗啡所引发的恶心呕吐、便秘、嗜睡、呼吸抑制、排尿困难等不良反应也给患者带来了新的痛苦,甚至成为患者拒绝继续治疗的原因。本研究即采用直肠给药和口服给药两种给药方式,在止痛效果和不良反应发生率两方面对硫酸吗啡控释剂的疗效进行分析,旨在探讨该药的最佳给药途径。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
所有病例资料均来自本科2008年1月~2010年1月收治的癌症患者。在纳入本研究的81例患者中,男43例,女38例;年龄最大81 岁,最小13 岁。其中,肺癌19例,胃癌21 例,肝癌21 例,乳腺癌13 例,鼻咽癌5例, 恶性淋巴瘤2例。本研究纳入的所有患者均为诊断明确的中重度癌痛患者,入组前均服用吗啡缓释片或按三阶梯镇痛原则拟改用吗啡缓释片止痛治疗。考虑给药途径的因素,分组中未安排不能口服服药的癌症患者和肠道肿瘤患者。
1.2 分组与用药方法
将纳入本研究的所有81例患者随机分成A、B两组,A 组患者41例 ......
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