胃溃疡合并胃穿孔急诊处理体会(1)
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[摘要] 目的 分析急诊胃溃疡合并胃穿孔的临床特点及处理体会。 方法 选择本院2009年1月~2010年12月急诊32例胃溃疡合并胃穿孔行保守治疗的患者,对其发病原因、治疗方法及治疗后并发症等进行分析。 结果 本组32例胃溃疡合并胃穿孔患者经保守治疗后,治愈31例,治愈率为96.88%,1例在治疗过程中病情加重,及时转外科手术治疗,患者平均住院时间(12.5±2.5) d。 结论 胃溃疡合并胃穿孔发病急,病情进展快,早期准确诊断、及时对症治疗是治疗成功的关键。
[关键词] 胃溃疡合并胃穿孔;急诊;临床特点;处理体会
[中图分类号] R573.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)02(c)-0039-02
The emergency processing realize of the stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation
REN Weibo
Department of General Internal, the Shihua Hospital of Maoming City in Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics and the emergency processing realize of the stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation. Methods Thirty two cases of stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation from January 2009 to December 2010 in emergency department of our hospital were chosen, the reason, treatment methods and complications after treatment were analysed. Results Among 32 cases of stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation, after conservative treatment, 31 cases were cured, with the cure rate of 96.88%, one case was aggravate in the process of curing with a surgical operation treatment in time, the average hospital stay of all the patients were (12.5±2.5) days. Conclusion Stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation occurs and progresses fast, accurate early diagnosed and symptomatic treatment in time are the successful keys.
[Key words] Stomach ulcer merged stomach perforation; Emergency; Clinical characteristics; Processing realize
胃溃疡合并胃穿孔是临床消化系统的常见病、多发病。引起胃穿孔的原因很多,而胃溃疡是最常见的导致胃穿孔的诱因。该病起病急,进展快、死亡率高[1],因此,在穿孔初期准确诊断、及时治疗是提高患者预后及降低死亡率的关键[2]。本院在2009年1月~2010年12月共急诊救治了32例胃溃疡合并胃穿孔患者,笔者现就32例患者的病因、诊断治疗中的体会报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取本院2009年1月~2010年12月收治的32例胃溃疡合并胃穿孔急诊患者,其中,男19例,女13例;年龄21~56岁,平均40.5岁;患者具体情况见表1。
1.2 临床表现
本组患者临床表现为面色苍白、冷汗、肢体发冷,疼痛均为突发性上腹剧痛,如刀割状,很快扩散至全腹并逐渐放射至肩部,同时伴有恶心、呕吐及休克症状。
1.3 诊断要点
1.3.1 询问病史 首先确定患者有无胃溃疡病史,近期是否受凉、饮食不节、精神紧张。
1.3.2 观察患者疼痛情况 观察患者疼痛部位是否位于上腹,疼痛剧烈是否有刀割感,有无扩散至全腹并逐渐放射至肩部。
1.3.3 观察患者临床症状 胃溃疡合并胃穿孔患者通常面色苍白,出冷汗,四肢发凉,同时伴有恶心呕吐,患者常有脉搏加快而变弱,心慌气短,少数伴有休克症状。
1.3.4 查体及血压 胃溃疡合并胃穿孔患者查体时有板状腹,全腹部有压痛及反跳痛。血压检查显示下降。
1.3.5 辅助检查 腹腔穿刺阳性,X线检查见膈下游离气体。
1.4 治疗方法
患者取半卧位,首先进行持续胃肠减压,同时给予补液,营养支持,维护水、电解质、酸、碱等平衡,给予保持胃黏膜治疗的同时给予抑酸剂,胃管一般留置6~7 d,在闭孔期与恢复期给予抗生素治疗,促进穿孔处以肉芽组织填补 ......
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