锁骨下静脉上位置管临床应用分析(2)
第1页 |
参见附件。
锁骨下静脉上位置管时注意以下要点:(1)穿刺时尽量使患者采用特伦德伦伯格(trendelenberg)体位以减少空气栓子并帮助扩张静脉;(2)穿刺前应准确定位胸锁乳突角;(3)穿刺针斜面朝下,试穿2~3次不成功及时终止同一穿刺点穿刺可进一步减少并发症;(4)穿刺进针时穿刺针紧贴锁骨下前行,可有效避免误穿锁骨下动脉;(5)如病情允许,应尽量将肩胛垫高,以使静脉达到最大充盈;(6)对血压偏低(收缩压<90 mm Hg)且容量不足者,应适当扩容升压,以使静脉充盈;(7)锁骨下静脉上位置管不宜长期保留,以避免或减少锁骨下静脉狭窄的发生率。
综上所述,锁骨下静脉上位置管建立中心静脉通路具有安全、简易、成功率高、并发症少、相对舒适美观等优点,值得临床推广。
[参考文献]
[1] Attof R,Rhondali O,Comlet S,et al. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization:a novel approach in children[J]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim,2010,29(9):651-654.
[2] McGee DC,Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization[J]. N Engl J Med,2003,348(12):1123-1133.
[3] Sener M. Supraclavicular subclavian vein approach for central venous catheterization is a safe and preferable method also in pediatric patients[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2012,22(5):506-507.
[4] Czarnik T,Gawda R,Perkowski T,et al. Supraclavicular approach is an easy and safe method of subclavian vein catheterization even in mechanically ventilated patients:analysis of 370 attempts[J]. Anesthesiology,2009,111(2):334-339.
[5] Patrick SP,Tijunelis MA,Johnson S,et al. Supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization:the forgotten central line[J]. West J Emerg Med,2009,10(2):110-114.
[6] Kocum A,Sener M,Caliskan E,et al. An alternative central venous route for cardiac surgery:supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2011,25(6):1018-1023.
(收稿日期:2012-04-19 本文编辑:陈 俊)
您现在查看是摘要介绍页,详见PDF附件(1936kb)。