腰椎间盘突出症的中医护理(1)
[摘要] 目的 总结腰椎间盘突出症的中医护理及其效果。 方法 本院2008年3月~2012年2月共收治65例腰椎间盘突出症患者,对其采取中医的针灸、饮食及中药熏洗等护理措施。 结果 42例2周后完全缓解;13例症状好转,腰部疼痛减轻,行走无困难;3例急性发作时采取了硬膜外止痛,症状缓解后在门诊进行了针灸治疗;7例病程较长者采取了手术治疗。 结论 中医护理对腰椎间盘突出症患者有提高疗效、缩短病程、促进患者早日康复的效果。
[关键词] 腰椎间盘突出症;中医;护理;效果
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(b)-0146-02
TCM nursing of lumbar disc herniation
HU Jiaqin
Tradition Chinese Medicine Hospital of Liuhe District in Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province, Nangjing 211500, China
[Abstract] Objective To summary the traditional Chinese medicine nursing of lumbar disc herniation and its clinical effect. Methods Sixty five patients with lumbar disc herniation from March 2008 to February 2012 in our hospital were given Chinese medicine acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine fumigation diet nursing intervention. Results Forty two cases got complete remission after two weeks;13 patients′ symptoms improved waist pain, walking without difficulty. Three cases of the acute attack were treated by acupuncture in clinic after symptoms alleviating with epidural analgesia. Seven elderly patients took operation therapy. Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine nursing on patients with lumbar disc herniation can improved efficacy, shorten the course of disease and promote the rehabilitation effect.
[Key words] Lumbar disc herniation; Traditional Chinese medicine; Nursing; Effect
腰椎间盘突出症亦可称为髓核突出,或腰椎间盘纤维环破裂,是临床上较为常见的腰部疾患之一,本病是因为腰椎间盘各部分,尤其是髓核有不同程度的退行性改变后,在外界因素的作用下,椎间盘的纤维环破裂,髓核组织从破裂处突出于后方或椎管内,导致相邻的组织如脊神经根脊髓等遭受刺激或压迫,从而产生腰部疼痛,一侧下肢或双下肢麻木疼痛等一系列临床症状,多发生于L4-5与L5~S1间隙。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2008年3月~2012年2月本院共护理65例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中,男性35例,女性30例;年龄70~81岁,其中,30岁以下4例,30~39岁6例,40~50岁16例,50岁以上39例,平均年龄男性54岁,女性56岁;病程10 d~15年。
1.2诊断依据
(1)症状:表现为腰背部疼痛放射至腿部,双下肢行走时有胀痛或一侧下肢麻木。(2)X线检查:腰椎正位片显示腰椎侧凸,椎间隙变窄或左右不等,患侧间隙较宽;侧位片显示腰椎前凸消失,甚至反张后弓,椎间隙前后等宽或前窄后宽,椎体可见休默结节改变。(3)CT检查:可清晰地显示出椎管变形,髓核突出的解剖位置和硬膜囊神经根受压的情况[1]。
1.3 护理方法
1.3.1 针灸护理 患者取仰卧位或俯卧位,充分暴露操作部位,皮肤穴位处75%酒精常规消毒,选用无菌针灸针快速进针,并询问患者是否有酸胀感,即是否得气;得气后根据医嘱,实证用泻法,虚证用补法,虚实夹杂以得气为度。补泻手法以提插补泻和捻转补泻相结合,补泻完毕后在双侧天枢、足三里穴按850-C穴位神经刺激仪两组线频率2/15 Hz,强度以患者能耐受的最大值为度,留针30 min,在留针过程中,要将患者暴露部位用治疗巾或毛毯遮盖,以免受凉。有时还需加用艾灸,在艾灸的过程中,要注意观察艾灸的燃烧程度,在艾灸针的下方放置治疗巾,以免艾条燃烧的灰烬烧伤皮肤。每日1次,10次为1个疗程,一般需要2~3个疗程。
1.3.2 饮食护理 (1)肝肾亏虚型:腰腿酸痛,膝软无力,劳累尤甚,卧床减轻,偏阳虚者面色无华,手足不温,少气懒言,腰腿发凉,舌淡,脉沉细。治宜温补肾阳,方用右归丸或补肾壮筋汤加减,宜多食羊肉、狗肉、虾、鱼、泥鳅、鹌鹑。偏阴虚者面色潮红,咽干喉燥,倦怠乏力,心烦失眠,多梦,舌红少苔,脉细数,治宜滋补肾阴,方用四物汤和左归丸,宜多食甲鱼、枸杞子、驴肉。(2)气滞血瘀型:腰腿刺痛,痛有定处,拒按,日轻夜重,腰部板硬,俯仰转侧不利,舌暗红,脉弦紧,治宜行气活血、化瘀通络,方用身痛逐瘀汤加减,饮食宜用三七、红花泡水饮用。(3)寒湿型:腰部冷痛、重着,转侧不利,静卧痛不减,受寒尤甚,肢体发凉,舌淡白,脉沉紧,治宜散寒除湿、温经通络,方用乌头汤加减,宜多食狗肉、羊肉、姜、蒜、葱。, 百拇医药(胡家琴)
[关键词] 腰椎间盘突出症;中医;护理;效果
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(b)-0146-02
TCM nursing of lumbar disc herniation
HU Jiaqin
Tradition Chinese Medicine Hospital of Liuhe District in Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province, Nangjing 211500, China
[Abstract] Objective To summary the traditional Chinese medicine nursing of lumbar disc herniation and its clinical effect. Methods Sixty five patients with lumbar disc herniation from March 2008 to February 2012 in our hospital were given Chinese medicine acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine fumigation diet nursing intervention. Results Forty two cases got complete remission after two weeks;13 patients′ symptoms improved waist pain, walking without difficulty. Three cases of the acute attack were treated by acupuncture in clinic after symptoms alleviating with epidural analgesia. Seven elderly patients took operation therapy. Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine nursing on patients with lumbar disc herniation can improved efficacy, shorten the course of disease and promote the rehabilitation effect.
[Key words] Lumbar disc herniation; Traditional Chinese medicine; Nursing; Effect
腰椎间盘突出症亦可称为髓核突出,或腰椎间盘纤维环破裂,是临床上较为常见的腰部疾患之一,本病是因为腰椎间盘各部分,尤其是髓核有不同程度的退行性改变后,在外界因素的作用下,椎间盘的纤维环破裂,髓核组织从破裂处突出于后方或椎管内,导致相邻的组织如脊神经根脊髓等遭受刺激或压迫,从而产生腰部疼痛,一侧下肢或双下肢麻木疼痛等一系列临床症状,多发生于L4-5与L5~S1间隙。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2008年3月~2012年2月本院共护理65例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中,男性35例,女性30例;年龄70~81岁,其中,30岁以下4例,30~39岁6例,40~50岁16例,50岁以上39例,平均年龄男性54岁,女性56岁;病程10 d~15年。
1.2诊断依据
(1)症状:表现为腰背部疼痛放射至腿部,双下肢行走时有胀痛或一侧下肢麻木。(2)X线检查:腰椎正位片显示腰椎侧凸,椎间隙变窄或左右不等,患侧间隙较宽;侧位片显示腰椎前凸消失,甚至反张后弓,椎间隙前后等宽或前窄后宽,椎体可见休默结节改变。(3)CT检查:可清晰地显示出椎管变形,髓核突出的解剖位置和硬膜囊神经根受压的情况[1]。
1.3 护理方法
1.3.1 针灸护理 患者取仰卧位或俯卧位,充分暴露操作部位,皮肤穴位处75%酒精常规消毒,选用无菌针灸针快速进针,并询问患者是否有酸胀感,即是否得气;得气后根据医嘱,实证用泻法,虚证用补法,虚实夹杂以得气为度。补泻手法以提插补泻和捻转补泻相结合,补泻完毕后在双侧天枢、足三里穴按850-C穴位神经刺激仪两组线频率2/15 Hz,强度以患者能耐受的最大值为度,留针30 min,在留针过程中,要将患者暴露部位用治疗巾或毛毯遮盖,以免受凉。有时还需加用艾灸,在艾灸的过程中,要注意观察艾灸的燃烧程度,在艾灸针的下方放置治疗巾,以免艾条燃烧的灰烬烧伤皮肤。每日1次,10次为1个疗程,一般需要2~3个疗程。
1.3.2 饮食护理 (1)肝肾亏虚型:腰腿酸痛,膝软无力,劳累尤甚,卧床减轻,偏阳虚者面色无华,手足不温,少气懒言,腰腿发凉,舌淡,脉沉细。治宜温补肾阳,方用右归丸或补肾壮筋汤加减,宜多食羊肉、狗肉、虾、鱼、泥鳅、鹌鹑。偏阴虚者面色潮红,咽干喉燥,倦怠乏力,心烦失眠,多梦,舌红少苔,脉细数,治宜滋补肾阴,方用四物汤和左归丸,宜多食甲鱼、枸杞子、驴肉。(2)气滞血瘀型:腰腿刺痛,痛有定处,拒按,日轻夜重,腰部板硬,俯仰转侧不利,舌暗红,脉弦紧,治宜行气活血、化瘀通络,方用身痛逐瘀汤加减,饮食宜用三七、红花泡水饮用。(3)寒湿型:腰部冷痛、重着,转侧不利,静卧痛不减,受寒尤甚,肢体发凉,舌淡白,脉沉紧,治宜散寒除湿、温经通络,方用乌头汤加减,宜多食狗肉、羊肉、姜、蒜、葱。, 百拇医药(胡家琴)