免疫组织化学临床病理应用与肿瘤分子意义(3)
石蜡切片是制作标本最常用、最基本的方法,IHC首选之,对组织形态保存好,能连续切片,便于各种染色观察,还能长期存档,供回顾性研究,但甲醛固定法封闭了细胞内部分抗原决定簇以及蛋白发生交联使抗原决定簇隐蔽,因此IHC首先要行抗原修复或暴露,还强调做好组织前期的处理以及阳性对照和阴性对照,避免假阳性和假阴性,严格做好IHC质量控制,才能得到可靠的IHC染色[23]。IHC便于在大部分基层医院开展,满足基层患者疾病诊治的需求,提高了病理诊断的水平。
在常规肿瘤病理诊断中,大约10%的肿瘤诊断是疑难的,随着IHC技术的发展和各种特异性抗体的涌现,使越来越多的疑难肿瘤得以明确诊断。在低分化或未分化肿瘤的鉴别诊断时,准确率可达50%~75%。
正如所有的事物都有两面性,IHC亦如此。迄今为止特异性单抗比较少,目前没有一种抗体只对其相应的组织或细胞是绝对特异的,病理医生选择抗体及判断结果都要客观谨慎地以HE形态为依据,这是一个重要原则,IHC结果判断的正确性和可靠性体现病理医技人员的综合水平。
随着分子病理学的发展,靶向治疗在肿瘤治疗中有了很大进展[24-25],为一些细胞毒类药物疗效不佳的恶性肿瘤患者带来了希望,选择合适个体化治疗的药物正成为一种发展方向和趋势,IHC则发挥着不可小觑的作用。
[参考文献]
[1] 高媛,郑文岭,马文丽.基因诊断技术的临床应用进展[J].基础医学与临床,2013,33(1):15-18.
[2] Gresta LT,Rodrigues-Júnior IA,de Castro LP,et al.Assessment of vascular invasion in gastric cancer:a comparative study[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(24):3761-3769.
[3] Naz E,Mirza T,Danish F.Clinicopathologic evaluation of subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2011,12(12):3335-3339.
[4] Kilickap S,Kava Y,Yucel B,et al.Higher Ki67 expression is associates with unfavorable prognostic factors and shorter survival in breast cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2014,15(3):1381-1385.
[5] Yerushalmi R,Woods R,Ravdin PM,et al.Ki67 in breast cancer:prognostic and predictive potential[J].Lancet Oncol,2010,11(2):174-183.
[6] 吴秉铨,刘彦仿.免疫组化在病理诊断中的应用[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2009:476-483.
[7] 舒文斌,曹家庆.HER-2在胃癌中的新进展[J].生命科学,2013,25(3):324-328.
[8] Fan Y,Guan Y,Zhao WH,et al.Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer with estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative and HER-2 overexpression[J].Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi,2008,30(12):917-920.
[9] Sui W,Ou M,Chen J,et al.Comparison of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assessment for Her-2 status in breast cancer[J].World J Surg Oncol,2009,7:83.
[10] Gennari A,Pronzato P.New understanding of the role of anthracyclines in early-stage breast cancer:patient selection considerations[J].Clin Breast Cancer,2008,8 (Suppl 4):S179-S183.
[11] Mrkli■ I,Pogoreli■ Z,Capkun V,et al.Expression of topoisomerase II-α in triple negative breast cancer[J].Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol,2014,22(3):182-187.
[12] Liu HQ,Zhang SL,Song S.HER-2/neu and TOPⅡa expression in gastric cancer reflect disease severity[J].Hepatogastroenterology,2012, 59(116):1290-1293.
[13] Yang X,Yang K,Kuang K.The efficacy and safety of EGFR inhibitor monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer:a systematic review[J].Curr Oncol Rep,2014,16(6):390. (管蕾)
在常规肿瘤病理诊断中,大约10%的肿瘤诊断是疑难的,随着IHC技术的发展和各种特异性抗体的涌现,使越来越多的疑难肿瘤得以明确诊断。在低分化或未分化肿瘤的鉴别诊断时,准确率可达50%~75%。
正如所有的事物都有两面性,IHC亦如此。迄今为止特异性单抗比较少,目前没有一种抗体只对其相应的组织或细胞是绝对特异的,病理医生选择抗体及判断结果都要客观谨慎地以HE形态为依据,这是一个重要原则,IHC结果判断的正确性和可靠性体现病理医技人员的综合水平。
随着分子病理学的发展,靶向治疗在肿瘤治疗中有了很大进展[24-25],为一些细胞毒类药物疗效不佳的恶性肿瘤患者带来了希望,选择合适个体化治疗的药物正成为一种发展方向和趋势,IHC则发挥着不可小觑的作用。
[参考文献]
[1] 高媛,郑文岭,马文丽.基因诊断技术的临床应用进展[J].基础医学与临床,2013,33(1):15-18.
[2] Gresta LT,Rodrigues-Júnior IA,de Castro LP,et al.Assessment of vascular invasion in gastric cancer:a comparative study[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(24):3761-3769.
[3] Naz E,Mirza T,Danish F.Clinicopathologic evaluation of subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2011,12(12):3335-3339.
[4] Kilickap S,Kava Y,Yucel B,et al.Higher Ki67 expression is associates with unfavorable prognostic factors and shorter survival in breast cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2014,15(3):1381-1385.
[5] Yerushalmi R,Woods R,Ravdin PM,et al.Ki67 in breast cancer:prognostic and predictive potential[J].Lancet Oncol,2010,11(2):174-183.
[6] 吴秉铨,刘彦仿.免疫组化在病理诊断中的应用[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2009:476-483.
[7] 舒文斌,曹家庆.HER-2在胃癌中的新进展[J].生命科学,2013,25(3):324-328.
[8] Fan Y,Guan Y,Zhao WH,et al.Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer with estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative and HER-2 overexpression[J].Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi,2008,30(12):917-920.
[9] Sui W,Ou M,Chen J,et al.Comparison of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assessment for Her-2 status in breast cancer[J].World J Surg Oncol,2009,7:83.
[10] Gennari A,Pronzato P.New understanding of the role of anthracyclines in early-stage breast cancer:patient selection considerations[J].Clin Breast Cancer,2008,8 (Suppl 4):S179-S183.
[11] Mrkli■ I,Pogoreli■ Z,Capkun V,et al.Expression of topoisomerase II-α in triple negative breast cancer[J].Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol,2014,22(3):182-187.
[12] Liu HQ,Zhang SL,Song S.HER-2/neu and TOPⅡa expression in gastric cancer reflect disease severity[J].Hepatogastroenterology,2012, 59(116):1290-1293.
[13] Yang X,Yang K,Kuang K.The efficacy and safety of EGFR inhibitor monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer:a systematic review[J].Curr Oncol Rep,2014,16(6):390. (管蕾)