脊髓髓内肿瘤诊断与治疗的新进展(3)
6 预后
脊髓髓内肿瘤大部分具有良性特征,影像学及手术技术的进展使绝大多数病例获得成功的治疗。McCormick[42]报道,脊髓内室管膜瘤全切除率可达90%以上,且术后神经功能恢复较满意。髓内星形细胞瘤的手术预后与肿瘤的组织病理和术后的病情进展关系密切,而与肿瘤切除程度无明显关系。Cooper[43]对WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ级脊髓内星形细胞瘤患者进行术后随访,发现患者术后平均生存期仅10个月;WHOⅠ~Ⅱ级脊髓内星形细胞瘤患者的手术预后则较好, 特别是儿童脊髓内星形细胞瘤的手术疗效肯定。Cohen等[44]对19例恶性脊髓星形细胞瘤采用手术治疗,发现脊髓内星形细胞瘤术后易复发,建议常规放疗。脊髓内脂肪瘤全切除较为困难,瘤体大部分切除即可达到有效髓内减压并长期控制肿瘤生长,防止病情恶化的目的。Benedetto 等[30]在吲哚青绿血管造影辅助下,进行脊髓内血管网状细胞瘤全切,术后不易复发,也可采用肿瘤血管栓塞治疗,神经功能症状改善良好。
7 展望
显微外科技术和术中电生理监测的进展大大降低了手术并发症发生率。肿瘤切除的指导原则已经使识别脊髓肿瘤(如室管膜瘤、血管母细胞瘤)与神经在影像学上的剥离平面成为可能。Cohen 等[44]学者认为,肿瘤组织学是手术切除后神经系统预后最重要的预测手段,因为其可以预测肿瘤的可切除性和复发。复发性肿瘤的治疗在很大程度上是基于肿瘤组织学,但是仍存在争议。目前,早期诊断和手术治疗是绝大多数脊髓髓内肿瘤的最佳选择。
[参考文献]
[1] Duong LM,McCarthy BJ,McLendon RE,et al.Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord,spinal meninges,and cauda equina tumors,United States,2004-2007[J].Cancer,2012, 118(17):4220-4227.
[2] Lonser RR,Weil RJ,Wanebo JE,et al.Surgical management of spinal cord hemangioblastomas in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease[J].J Neurosurg, 2003,98(1):106-116.
[3] Vassiliou V,Papamichael D,Polyviou P,et al.Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in a patient with colon cancer:a case report[J].J Gastrointest Cancer, 2012,43(2):370-372.
[4] Newton HB,Newton CL,Gatens C,et al.Spinal cord tumors:review of etiology,diagnosis,and multidisciplinary approach to treatment[J].Cancer Pract,1995,3(4):207-218.
[5] Tihan T,Chi JH,McCormick PC,et al.Pathologic and epidemiologic findings of intramedullary spinal cord tumors[J].Neurosurg Clin N Am,2006,17(1):7-11.
[6] Koeller KK,Rosenblum RS,Morrison AL.Neoplasms of the spinal cord and filum terminale:radiologic-pathologic correlation[J].Radiographics,2000,20(6):1721-1749.
[7] Smith AB,Soderlund KA,Rushing EJ,et al.Radiologic-pathologic correlation of pediatric and adolescent spinal neoplasms:Part 1,Intramedullary spinal neoplasms[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2012,198(1):34-43.
[8] Louis DN,Ohgaki H,Wiestler OD,et al.The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system[J].Acta Neuropathol,2007,114(2): 97-109.
[9] Kahan H,Sklar EM,Post MJ,et al.MR characteristics of histopathologic subtypes of spinal ependymoma[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,1996,17(1): 143-150.
[10] Santi M,Mena H,Wong K,et al.Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases[J].Cancer,2003,98(3):554-561.
[11] Morii K,Tanaka R,Washiyama K,et al.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in capillary hemangioblastoma[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1993,194(2):749-55. (张伟强 陈春美)
脊髓髓内肿瘤大部分具有良性特征,影像学及手术技术的进展使绝大多数病例获得成功的治疗。McCormick[42]报道,脊髓内室管膜瘤全切除率可达90%以上,且术后神经功能恢复较满意。髓内星形细胞瘤的手术预后与肿瘤的组织病理和术后的病情进展关系密切,而与肿瘤切除程度无明显关系。Cooper[43]对WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ级脊髓内星形细胞瘤患者进行术后随访,发现患者术后平均生存期仅10个月;WHOⅠ~Ⅱ级脊髓内星形细胞瘤患者的手术预后则较好, 特别是儿童脊髓内星形细胞瘤的手术疗效肯定。Cohen等[44]对19例恶性脊髓星形细胞瘤采用手术治疗,发现脊髓内星形细胞瘤术后易复发,建议常规放疗。脊髓内脂肪瘤全切除较为困难,瘤体大部分切除即可达到有效髓内减压并长期控制肿瘤生长,防止病情恶化的目的。Benedetto 等[30]在吲哚青绿血管造影辅助下,进行脊髓内血管网状细胞瘤全切,术后不易复发,也可采用肿瘤血管栓塞治疗,神经功能症状改善良好。
7 展望
显微外科技术和术中电生理监测的进展大大降低了手术并发症发生率。肿瘤切除的指导原则已经使识别脊髓肿瘤(如室管膜瘤、血管母细胞瘤)与神经在影像学上的剥离平面成为可能。Cohen 等[44]学者认为,肿瘤组织学是手术切除后神经系统预后最重要的预测手段,因为其可以预测肿瘤的可切除性和复发。复发性肿瘤的治疗在很大程度上是基于肿瘤组织学,但是仍存在争议。目前,早期诊断和手术治疗是绝大多数脊髓髓内肿瘤的最佳选择。
[参考文献]
[1] Duong LM,McCarthy BJ,McLendon RE,et al.Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord,spinal meninges,and cauda equina tumors,United States,2004-2007[J].Cancer,2012, 118(17):4220-4227.
[2] Lonser RR,Weil RJ,Wanebo JE,et al.Surgical management of spinal cord hemangioblastomas in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease[J].J Neurosurg, 2003,98(1):106-116.
[3] Vassiliou V,Papamichael D,Polyviou P,et al.Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in a patient with colon cancer:a case report[J].J Gastrointest Cancer, 2012,43(2):370-372.
[4] Newton HB,Newton CL,Gatens C,et al.Spinal cord tumors:review of etiology,diagnosis,and multidisciplinary approach to treatment[J].Cancer Pract,1995,3(4):207-218.
[5] Tihan T,Chi JH,McCormick PC,et al.Pathologic and epidemiologic findings of intramedullary spinal cord tumors[J].Neurosurg Clin N Am,2006,17(1):7-11.
[6] Koeller KK,Rosenblum RS,Morrison AL.Neoplasms of the spinal cord and filum terminale:radiologic-pathologic correlation[J].Radiographics,2000,20(6):1721-1749.
[7] Smith AB,Soderlund KA,Rushing EJ,et al.Radiologic-pathologic correlation of pediatric and adolescent spinal neoplasms:Part 1,Intramedullary spinal neoplasms[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2012,198(1):34-43.
[8] Louis DN,Ohgaki H,Wiestler OD,et al.The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system[J].Acta Neuropathol,2007,114(2): 97-109.
[9] Kahan H,Sklar EM,Post MJ,et al.MR characteristics of histopathologic subtypes of spinal ependymoma[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,1996,17(1): 143-150.
[10] Santi M,Mena H,Wong K,et al.Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases[J].Cancer,2003,98(3):554-561.
[11] Morii K,Tanaka R,Washiyama K,et al.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in capillary hemangioblastoma[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1993,194(2):749-55. (张伟强 陈春美)