喉罩麻醉在小儿斜视手术中的应用效果(1)
[摘要] 目的 探讨喉罩在小儿眼科手术中的应用效果。 方法 选择本院2013年1月~2014年6月择期斜视手术患儿60例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩组(A组)和气管插管组(B组)各30例,观察两组分别在置入喉罩和插入气管导管时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)以及拔出喉罩和气管导管时MAP和HR的变化,术后不良反应的发生情况。 结果 A组置入喉罩前后及拔出喉罩时MAP、HR变化不大(P>0.05)。B组插入及拔出气管导管时与插管前比,MAP和HR均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访A组不良反应少,无咽喉部疼痛及嘶哑;B组有5例出现咽痛。 结论 使用喉罩通气实施全凭静脉麻醉,操作简单,麻醉平稳,苏醒快,术后并发症少,值得在小儿眼科麻醉中首选应用。
[关键词] 喉罩麻醉;小儿眼科;优势
[中图分类号] R726.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)02(b)-0077-02
The application effect of laryngeal mask anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery
SU Yun-feng
Operation Room of Nanyang Ophthalmologic Hospital in Henan Province,Nanyang 473000,China
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the advantages of laryngeal mask anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery. Methods 60 patients who were taken with pediatric strabismus surgery with ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱ in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 were selected,and were randomly divided into the laryngeal mask group (group A,n=30) and the tracheal intubation group (group B,n=30).Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR) and the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions of the two groups at various time points of before inserting larynged mask and tracheal catheter was recorded. Results There was no significant difference sbout MAP and HR in group A at various time points (P>0.05);However,MAP and HR in group B had significant difference (P<0.05).There were less adverse reaction in group A,no sore throat and hoarseness;but there were 5 patients in group B had pharynx pain. Conclusion Laryngeal mask can make the anaesthesia simple and calm,shorten the time of resuscitation and reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.Laryngeal mask anesthesia is preferred in pediatric strabismus surgery.
[Key words] Laryngeal masks anesthesia;Pediatric ophthalmology;Advantages
喉罩是由英国伦敦皇家医院的医师Archie Brain在20世纪80年代初发现并首先使用的一种声门上通气装置,是介于面罩与气管插管之间的一种通气工具[1]。近年来,喉罩因其操作简单及维持通气方便等优点,受到越来越多麻醉医师的认可和推崇。在小儿麻醉领域,从儿童气道保护来讲,针对手术时间短,保留自主呼吸,无需肌松的小儿眼科手术中,喉罩成为使用较广泛的新型通气方法[2]。本文通过喉罩和气管内插管麻醉在小儿眼科手术中的应用比较,探讨喉罩在小儿眼科手术麻醉中的优势。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择本院2013年1月~2014年6月择期斜视手术患儿60例,年龄5~10岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,体重18~30 kg,无重要脏器疾病,手术时间40~75 min。将60例患者随机分为喉罩组(A组)和气管插管组(B组)各30例,A组男17例,女13例,平均年龄(7.7±1.5)岁,平均体重(24.8±4.9) kg;B组男16例,女14例,平均年龄(7.5±1.4)岁,平均体重(24.1±5.8) kg;两组的性别、年龄、体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
两组患儿在术前均常规禁食水,术前30 min肌内注射阿托品针0.02 mg/kg。入室后开放静脉通路,监测各项生命体征[3]。A组:缓慢静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg,丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,入睡后选择2~2.5号喉罩置入下咽部,使罩体覆盖在声门上方,接麻醉机供养。B组:缓慢静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg,丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg,诱导后插入气管导管,术中保留自主呼吸。两组术中均以持续输入丙泊酚6 mg/(kg·h)维持。行颈内静脉穿刺监测平均动脉压(MAP)。观察并记录麻醉诱导前、插入喉罩或气管导管时,拔出喉罩或气管导管时的MAP、心率(HR)以及术后并发症如恶心呕吐,咽痛等情况[4]。 (苏云锋)
[关键词] 喉罩麻醉;小儿眼科;优势
[中图分类号] R726.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)02(b)-0077-02
The application effect of laryngeal mask anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery
SU Yun-feng
Operation Room of Nanyang Ophthalmologic Hospital in Henan Province,Nanyang 473000,China
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the advantages of laryngeal mask anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery. Methods 60 patients who were taken with pediatric strabismus surgery with ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱ in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 were selected,and were randomly divided into the laryngeal mask group (group A,n=30) and the tracheal intubation group (group B,n=30).Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR) and the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions of the two groups at various time points of before inserting larynged mask and tracheal catheter was recorded. Results There was no significant difference sbout MAP and HR in group A at various time points (P>0.05);However,MAP and HR in group B had significant difference (P<0.05).There were less adverse reaction in group A,no sore throat and hoarseness;but there were 5 patients in group B had pharynx pain. Conclusion Laryngeal mask can make the anaesthesia simple and calm,shorten the time of resuscitation and reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.Laryngeal mask anesthesia is preferred in pediatric strabismus surgery.
[Key words] Laryngeal masks anesthesia;Pediatric ophthalmology;Advantages
喉罩是由英国伦敦皇家医院的医师Archie Brain在20世纪80年代初发现并首先使用的一种声门上通气装置,是介于面罩与气管插管之间的一种通气工具[1]。近年来,喉罩因其操作简单及维持通气方便等优点,受到越来越多麻醉医师的认可和推崇。在小儿麻醉领域,从儿童气道保护来讲,针对手术时间短,保留自主呼吸,无需肌松的小儿眼科手术中,喉罩成为使用较广泛的新型通气方法[2]。本文通过喉罩和气管内插管麻醉在小儿眼科手术中的应用比较,探讨喉罩在小儿眼科手术麻醉中的优势。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择本院2013年1月~2014年6月择期斜视手术患儿60例,年龄5~10岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,体重18~30 kg,无重要脏器疾病,手术时间40~75 min。将60例患者随机分为喉罩组(A组)和气管插管组(B组)各30例,A组男17例,女13例,平均年龄(7.7±1.5)岁,平均体重(24.8±4.9) kg;B组男16例,女14例,平均年龄(7.5±1.4)岁,平均体重(24.1±5.8) kg;两组的性别、年龄、体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
两组患儿在术前均常规禁食水,术前30 min肌内注射阿托品针0.02 mg/kg。入室后开放静脉通路,监测各项生命体征[3]。A组:缓慢静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg,丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,入睡后选择2~2.5号喉罩置入下咽部,使罩体覆盖在声门上方,接麻醉机供养。B组:缓慢静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg,丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg,诱导后插入气管导管,术中保留自主呼吸。两组术中均以持续输入丙泊酚6 mg/(kg·h)维持。行颈内静脉穿刺监测平均动脉压(MAP)。观察并记录麻醉诱导前、插入喉罩或气管导管时,拔出喉罩或气管导管时的MAP、心率(HR)以及术后并发症如恶心呕吐,咽痛等情况[4]。 (苏云锋)