2014年铜仁市健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎抗体水平监测结果的分析(1)
[摘要] 目的 了解铜仁市健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)抗体水平，为降低人群乙肝感染率及制订相应防治措施提供依据。 方法 采用分层随机抽样和简单随机抽样的方法，选取2014年5～7月铜仁市1072名健康调查对象进行血样采集，采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)进行乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)检测。 结果 铜仁市健康人群HBsAg阳性率为2.89%，抗-HBs阳性率为44.68%；不同年龄组间抗-HBs阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，且人群阳性率随年龄增高而降低，其中<1岁年龄组阳性率最高，为93.39%，7～9岁年龄组最低，为15.38%；不同性别、不同地区之间抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；有乙肝疫苗接种史人群的抗-HBs阳性率高于无接种史人群。 结论 铜仁市1岁以下儿童乙肝抗-HBs阳性率较高，应加强学龄儿童和成人乙肝免疫工作，降低人群乙肝感染率。
[关键词] 乙型肝炎；抗体水平；监测
[中图分类号] R512.62 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)09(a)-0154-03
[Abstract] Objective To know the antibody level of hepatitis B of healthy people in Tongren city and provide evidence for the reduction of infection rate and development of preventive and control measures. Methods By using stratified random sampling and simple random sanpling method，the blood samples were collected from 1072 healthy people in tongren city from May to July in 2014，the HBsAg and anti- HBs in serum was tested by enzymoe lingked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 2.89%，and the positive rate of anti- HBs was 44.68% in healthy people in Tongren City.The differences on the positive rate of anti-HBs had statistical significance in different age groups，and with age increasing，the positive rate of anti-HBs decreased gradually.The positive rate of age group <1 year to be highest accounts for 93.39%，the positive rate of age groups 7-9 years to be lowest，only accounts for 15.38%.The differences on the positive rate of anti-HBs had no statistical significance in different sexes and different areas.The positive rate of anti-HBs in healthy people with hepatitis B vaccination was higer than whose without vaccination. Conclusion The anti-HBs positive rate of children before 1 year old in Tongren city is relatively high.It is necessary to strengh the school-aged children and adult immunoprophylaxis to reduce hepatitis B infection rate.
[Key words] Hepatitis B；Antibody level；Surveillance
乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)是我国法定报告传染病中常见而多发的疾病，也是国家目前重点防控的传染病之一，它具有传染性强、发病率高、流行面广等特点[1]。接种乙肝疫苗能有效的提高乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)，减少乙型肝炎病毒感染率，是控制乙型肝炎发病的有效措施[2]。1992年原卫生部将乙型肝炎疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理，2002年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划，实施新生儿乙肝疫苗免费接种，乙肝疫苗接种率得到大幅度提高。为了解铜仁市健康人群乙肝免疫状态，进一步做好乙型肝炎防制工作，本研究对2014年辖区内4个区县健康人群开展乙肝免疫水平的监测。
1 对象与方法
1.1 监测对象
按照《贵州省健康人群疫苗针对性疾病抗体监测工作方案》，选取2014年5～7月铜仁市辖区内4个区县，采取分层随机抽样和简单随机抽样的方法，在每个区县随机抽取1个乡镇为监测点，按<1岁，1～2岁，3～4岁，5～6岁，7～9岁，10～14岁，15～19岁及≥20岁8个年龄组进行抽样，每组至少抽取30人，最终监测对象为1072人，其中男576人，女496人。
1.2 方法
采集3～5 ml静脉血，室温放置2 h后分离血清，-20℃冻存备检。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和抗-HBs，检测试剂使用上海科华实业有限公司生产的HBsAg和抗-HBs试剂盒，在效期内使用，实验操作及结果判定严格按试剂说明书进行。 (田飞 李兰 唐刚学等)
[关键词] 乙型肝炎；抗体水平；监测
[中图分类号] R512.62 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)09(a)-0154-03
[Abstract] Objective To know the antibody level of hepatitis B of healthy people in Tongren city and provide evidence for the reduction of infection rate and development of preventive and control measures. Methods By using stratified random sampling and simple random sanpling method，the blood samples were collected from 1072 healthy people in tongren city from May to July in 2014，the HBsAg and anti- HBs in serum was tested by enzymoe lingked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 2.89%，and the positive rate of anti- HBs was 44.68% in healthy people in Tongren City.The differences on the positive rate of anti-HBs had statistical significance in different age groups，and with age increasing，the positive rate of anti-HBs decreased gradually.The positive rate of age group <1 year to be highest accounts for 93.39%，the positive rate of age groups 7-9 years to be lowest，only accounts for 15.38%.The differences on the positive rate of anti-HBs had no statistical significance in different sexes and different areas.The positive rate of anti-HBs in healthy people with hepatitis B vaccination was higer than whose without vaccination. Conclusion The anti-HBs positive rate of children before 1 year old in Tongren city is relatively high.It is necessary to strengh the school-aged children and adult immunoprophylaxis to reduce hepatitis B infection rate.
[Key words] Hepatitis B；Antibody level；Surveillance
乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)是我国法定报告传染病中常见而多发的疾病，也是国家目前重点防控的传染病之一，它具有传染性强、发病率高、流行面广等特点[1]。接种乙肝疫苗能有效的提高乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)，减少乙型肝炎病毒感染率，是控制乙型肝炎发病的有效措施[2]。1992年原卫生部将乙型肝炎疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理，2002年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划，实施新生儿乙肝疫苗免费接种，乙肝疫苗接种率得到大幅度提高。为了解铜仁市健康人群乙肝免疫状态，进一步做好乙型肝炎防制工作，本研究对2014年辖区内4个区县健康人群开展乙肝免疫水平的监测。
1 对象与方法
1.1 监测对象
按照《贵州省健康人群疫苗针对性疾病抗体监测工作方案》，选取2014年5～7月铜仁市辖区内4个区县，采取分层随机抽样和简单随机抽样的方法，在每个区县随机抽取1个乡镇为监测点，按<1岁，1～2岁，3～4岁，5～6岁，7～9岁，10～14岁，15～19岁及≥20岁8个年龄组进行抽样，每组至少抽取30人，最终监测对象为1072人，其中男576人，女496人。
1.2 方法
采集3～5 ml静脉血，室温放置2 h后分离血清，-20℃冻存备检。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和抗-HBs，检测试剂使用上海科华实业有限公司生产的HBsAg和抗-HBs试剂盒，在效期内使用，实验操作及结果判定严格按试剂说明书进行。 (田飞 李兰 唐刚学等)