新生儿黄疸中ABO和Rh血型检测及临床意义研究(1)
[摘要]目的 分析新生兒黄疸发病率与血型的关系，探讨黄疸患儿血型与临床诊断的符合率。方法 选择2014年3月～2016年6月广州市番禺区何贤纪念医院收治的新生儿黄疸合并母婴血型不合的患儿86例，分别抽取母婴静脉血进行直接抗球蛋白试验、抗体释放试验以及游离抗体试验。分析新生儿血型与黄疸发病率之间的关系。结果 86例新生儿黄疸患儿血型分布如下：ABO型黄疸84例(97.67%)、Rh型黄疸2例(2.33%)。A型与B型患儿直接抗球蛋白试验阳性率和红细胞抗体释放试验阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；B型患儿游离抗体试验阳性率显著高于A型患儿(P<0.05)。患儿出生后不同采血时间红细胞抗体释放试验阳性率差异较大，出生后0～2 d即采血检测时红细胞抗体释放试验阳性率为53.85%(14/26)，显著高于出生后>2～4[25.00%(8/32)]、>4～7 d[11.11%(2/18)]及出生后>7 d采血检测者[20.00%(2/10)](P<0.05)。结论 母婴血型不合患儿应在产后及早进行血型血清学检测，以对新生儿溶血和新生儿病理性黄疸进行早期诊断和治疗，降低远期不良事件风险。
[关键词]新生儿黄疸；血型；直接抗球蛋白试验；抗体释放试验；游离抗体试验
[中图分类号] R722.17 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)11(a)-0132-03
Study of the detection and clinical significance of ABO and Rh blood group in neonatal jaundice
ZENG Mei-mei ZHOU Hui-fen GUO Bi-ying
Department of Children′s Health Prevention，Panyu District Hexian Memorial Hospital，Guangdong Province，Guangzhou 511400，China
[Abstract]Objective To analyze the relationship between the incidence of neonatal jaundice and blood type，and to explore the compliance rate of blood type and clinical diagnosis of jaundice in children.Methods Eighty-six children with neonatal jaundice associated with maternal fetal blood group incompatibility from March 2014 to June 2016 admitted in Panyu County Hexian Memorial Hospital were selected.The maternal venous blood samples were obtained respectively for direct antiglobulin test，antibody release test and free antibody test.The relationship between the neonatal blood group and the incidence of jaundice was analyzed.Results The distribution of blood type in 86 cases of neonatal jaundice were as follows：84 cases (97.67%) of type ABO jaundice and 2 cases (2.33%) of type Rh jaundice.The positive rate of direct anti ball protein test and erythrocyte antibody release test between children with blood group A and B showed no significant difference (P>0.05)；positive rate of the free antibody test in children with blood group B was significantly higher than that of children with blood group A (P<0.05).Children had different positive rate of red blood cell antibody release test at different time of blood taking，and the test positive rate of children within 2 d after birth was 53.85% (14/26)，was significantly higher than that at 3-4 d after birth [25.00% (8/32)]，5-7 d after birth [11.11%(2/18)]，and >7 d after birth [20.00% (2/10)] (P<0.05).Conclusion Postpartum early detection of blood group serological should be early diagnosed of maternal and child blood group incompatibility in order to early treatment，and reduce the risk of long-term adverse events. (曾玫玫 周慧芬 郭碧莹)
[关键词]新生儿黄疸；血型；直接抗球蛋白试验；抗体释放试验；游离抗体试验
[中图分类号] R722.17 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)11(a)-0132-03
Study of the detection and clinical significance of ABO and Rh blood group in neonatal jaundice
ZENG Mei-mei ZHOU Hui-fen GUO Bi-ying
Department of Children′s Health Prevention，Panyu District Hexian Memorial Hospital，Guangdong Province，Guangzhou 511400，China
[Abstract]Objective To analyze the relationship between the incidence of neonatal jaundice and blood type，and to explore the compliance rate of blood type and clinical diagnosis of jaundice in children.Methods Eighty-six children with neonatal jaundice associated with maternal fetal blood group incompatibility from March 2014 to June 2016 admitted in Panyu County Hexian Memorial Hospital were selected.The maternal venous blood samples were obtained respectively for direct antiglobulin test，antibody release test and free antibody test.The relationship between the neonatal blood group and the incidence of jaundice was analyzed.Results The distribution of blood type in 86 cases of neonatal jaundice were as follows：84 cases (97.67%) of type ABO jaundice and 2 cases (2.33%) of type Rh jaundice.The positive rate of direct anti ball protein test and erythrocyte antibody release test between children with blood group A and B showed no significant difference (P>0.05)；positive rate of the free antibody test in children with blood group B was significantly higher than that of children with blood group A (P<0.05).Children had different positive rate of red blood cell antibody release test at different time of blood taking，and the test positive rate of children within 2 d after birth was 53.85% (14/26)，was significantly higher than that at 3-4 d after birth [25.00% (8/32)]，5-7 d after birth [11.11%(2/18)]，and >7 d after birth [20.00% (2/10)] (P<0.05).Conclusion Postpartum early detection of blood group serological should be early diagnosed of maternal and child blood group incompatibility in order to early treatment，and reduce the risk of long-term adverse events. (曾玫玫 周慧芬 郭碧莹)