2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病流行病学分析(1)
[摘要] 目的 探讨2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病流行病学特征。方法 利用中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统，采用描述流行病学方法对2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病监测资料和病原学检测结果进行统计分析，采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测EV71病毒、柯萨奇病毒A16、其他肠道病毒。结果 2012～2015年，福建宁德地区手足口病发病数呈减少态势，重症病例数和死亡数在2013年显著减少，重症率、死亡率、重症病死率呈波动趋势。重症患者实验室诊断病例构成比高于普通患者(P<0.05)。死亡患者实验室诊断病例构成比高于普通患者和重症患者(P<0.05)。重症患者与死亡患者的EV71病毒构成比高于柯萨奇病毒A16、其他肠道病毒(P<0.05)。农村患者发病数较多，且重症率、病死率、重症病死率高于城市(P<0.05)。结论 2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病发病人数有减少趋势，重症发生率和死亡率虽然有波动但呈低水平状态。
[关键词]手足口病；EV71病毒；柯萨奇病毒；流行病学方法
[中图分类号] R512.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)03(c)-0157-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area， Fujian province from 2012 to 2015.Methods The information system of China CDC was applied.The epidemiological data were used to statistically analyze the monitoring data and pathogenicity results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area，Fujian province from 2012 to 2015.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to test EV71 virus，coxsackievirus A16，and other enteroviruses.Results The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area of Fujian Province was analyzed.From 2012 to 2015， the number of incidence was in a reducing trend.The number of severe cases and the number of deaths were significantly reduced in 2013.Severe disease rates， mortality rate，and mortality rate of severe diseases were fluctuating.The laboratory diagnosis composition ratio of severe patients was higher than that in the normal patient (P<0.05).The laboratory diagnosis composition ratio of deceased patients was higher than that in the normal patients and severe patients (P<0.05).The composition ratio of EV71 virus in severe patients and deceased patients was higher than that of coxsackievirus A16 and other enteroviruses (P<0.05).The number of patients in rural area was higher， and the incidence rate of severe diseases， mortality rate and mortality of severe diseases were higher in rural areas than in urban areas (P<0.05).Conclusion The number of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area of Fujian province is in a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2015， and incidence rate of severe diseases and mortality rate， although fluctuating， still remain in a low level.
[Key words]Hand-foot-mouth disease；EV71 virus；Coxsackievirus A16；Epidemiological methods
手足口病是由腸道病毒引起的一种儿童常见病，常见病毒类型为EV71病毒和柯萨奇病毒[1-3]。多发于5岁以下儿童，尤其是3岁以下儿童，风险度更高。如不能给予患儿及时有效的对症治疗和处理，有可能进展为无菌性脑膜炎、急性弛缓性麻痹、呼吸道感染、心肌炎等病症，严重时可危及患儿生命，影响其预后[4-6]。了解该地区手足口病状况，具有重要的临床意义。此次研究对2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病流行状况进行统计学分析，以期为手足口病的防治提供科学依据，现报道如下。 (林厚雄 王德志)
[关键词]手足口病；EV71病毒；柯萨奇病毒；流行病学方法
[中图分类号] R512.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)03(c)-0157-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area， Fujian province from 2012 to 2015.Methods The information system of China CDC was applied.The epidemiological data were used to statistically analyze the monitoring data and pathogenicity results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area，Fujian province from 2012 to 2015.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to test EV71 virus，coxsackievirus A16，and other enteroviruses.Results The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area of Fujian Province was analyzed.From 2012 to 2015， the number of incidence was in a reducing trend.The number of severe cases and the number of deaths were significantly reduced in 2013.Severe disease rates， mortality rate，and mortality rate of severe diseases were fluctuating.The laboratory diagnosis composition ratio of severe patients was higher than that in the normal patient (P<0.05).The laboratory diagnosis composition ratio of deceased patients was higher than that in the normal patients and severe patients (P<0.05).The composition ratio of EV71 virus in severe patients and deceased patients was higher than that of coxsackievirus A16 and other enteroviruses (P<0.05).The number of patients in rural area was higher， and the incidence rate of severe diseases， mortality rate and mortality of severe diseases were higher in rural areas than in urban areas (P<0.05).Conclusion The number of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde area of Fujian province is in a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2015， and incidence rate of severe diseases and mortality rate， although fluctuating， still remain in a low level.
[Key words]Hand-foot-mouth disease；EV71 virus；Coxsackievirus A16；Epidemiological methods
手足口病是由腸道病毒引起的一种儿童常见病，常见病毒类型为EV71病毒和柯萨奇病毒[1-3]。多发于5岁以下儿童，尤其是3岁以下儿童，风险度更高。如不能给予患儿及时有效的对症治疗和处理，有可能进展为无菌性脑膜炎、急性弛缓性麻痹、呼吸道感染、心肌炎等病症，严重时可危及患儿生命，影响其预后[4-6]。了解该地区手足口病状况，具有重要的临床意义。此次研究对2012～2015年福建宁德地区手足口病流行状况进行统计学分析，以期为手足口病的防治提供科学依据，现报道如下。 (林厚雄 王德志)