前交叉韧带损伤应用自体腘绳肌肌腱镜下重建的临床研究(1)
作者单位:276400 山东省临沂市沂水中心医院
通讯作者:郝秋彦
【摘要】 目的 探讨前交叉韧带损伤应用四股自体腘绳肌肌腱镜下重建的方法与疗效。方法 对35 例前交叉韧带(ACL ) 损伤患者行自体四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱镜下重建ACL,肌腱取自同侧,将两股肌腱分别对折组成4股,编织后等长点部位钻胫骨、股骨隧道,将肌腱拉入骨隧道,分别在屈膝90°和伸膝位将移植肌腱收紧,两端可吸收空心界面螺钉内固定。结果 术后随访2 ~60月,平均29月;术后6周关节活动达正常范围,术后抽屉试验除6例I度外,余29例均阴性; Lysholm 评分,术后75~100分,平均92分,较术前52分明显提高;Tegner 运动评级术后6~8级,平均7级,较术前平均3级有较大提高。结论 镜下四股自体腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带,界面螺钉固定,是治疗ACL 损伤的较好方法。
【关键词】 前交叉韧带; 腘绳肌肌腱; 可吸收空心界面螺钉; 关节镜
Clinical study of anterior cruciate ligament recon struction with grafting of four biceps femoris tendons under arthroscopy HAO Qiu-yan.Yishui Central Hospital,Yishui 276400,China
【Abstract】 Objective To invest igate the method and the efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconst ruction with grafting of four biceps femoris tendons under arthroscopy.Methods 35 patients with injury of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL ) were operated with ACL recon struction using a quadruple strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon from the homolateral under arthroscopy. The two tendons were bended into four boundel. After the four boundel was waved,the tibial and femoral tunnel were performed by drilling at the isometric points, and then the tendons were pulled into the bone tunnels. The tendons were intensified when genufleding at 90 degree and genuextensing, and fixed with hollow interface screw.Results All patients were followed-up from 2 months to 60 months, mean time was 28 months. Articular activity reached the no rmal range at 6 weeks after the operation,and 6 patients showed I degree and o ther 22 cases were all negative by the drawer test. Lysholm score was 75-100 (mean 92 ), and the Tegner act ivity scale was average 7 grade (6-8 grades) which was higher than 3grade, compared to the preoperation.Conclusion It is a good methodthat reconst ruction of ACL with grafting of four biceps femories tendons under arthroscopy.
【Key words】 Arthroscopy; Anterio rcruciate ligament; Femoris tendons; Hollow interface screw
应用4股半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带已逐渐成为治疗膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL )损伤流行术式之一[1]。笔者自2003年7月~2010年7月应用自体4股腘绳肌腱镜下重建前交叉韧带损伤患者35例,取得了较好的临床效果。现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 本组患者共35例,男27例,女8例;平均年龄26.5岁(18 ~45岁) ;均为单侧损伤;左膝13例,右膝22例;本组患者均有明确的外伤史,交通事故伤26例,其它损伤9例;入院治疗时间3 d~1年。
入院主诉关节疼痛、关节不稳、关节肿胀。体检:浮髌试验阳性22例,前抽屉试验(ADT)阳性20例,Lachman试验阳性29例,轴移试验阳性28例,膝关节活动受限21例。所有病例均经核磁共振检查证实前交叉韧带损伤。Lysholm评分[ 2 ]为39~70分,平均52分,Tegner运动评级[ 2 ]为1~5级,平均3级。
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 麻醉与体位 用硬膜外麻醉,患者取仰卧位,大腿根部放置充气止血带,止血带压力高于动脉收缩压100 mm Hg即可。时间1.5 h每次。
1.2.2 常规关节镜检查,以明确诊断,发现合并损伤,首先处理合并损伤。
1.2.3 自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱的制备 自同侧胫骨结节下内侧1.5 cm做3 cm斜切口,显露鹅足腱,翻开缝匠肌腱膜,显露半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱,在二肌腱胫骨止点处切断,分别将肌腱游离端套入肌腱剥离器,屈膝90°,牵拉肌腱游离端,上推剥离器,于肌腱、肌腹交界部切断,取出肌腱,去除残留肌组织,肌腱长度约16~22 cm。将取下的半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱分别折叠为为两股,共四股,用1-0可吸收线纺织缝合两端约3 cm,测量移植腱直径,其直径一般为8~11 mm,长度为8~11 cm,预牵张15 min备用。
1.2.4 胫骨隧道、股骨隧道的建立 关节镜下用刨削器切除ACL残余,髁间窝成形。用胫骨止点定位器准确定位ACL的胫骨止点,关节外的胫骨隧道部分可以根据移植物进行调整,多选择胫骨前交叉韧带“足迹”的解剖中心稍偏后的位置作为胫骨隧道关节内的开口,胫骨隧道关节内开口的位置基本位于通过外侧半月板前角内侧缘延长线的矢状面上,距离后交叉韧带自胫骨附着点前缘6~7 mm。胫骨隧道关节内开口的额状面中心点位于前交叉韧带残端的中心,即临近胫骨内侧髁间嵴内侧凹陷处。与胫骨纵轴线呈约45°钻直径与移植腱相同的胫骨隧道,钻通胫骨隧道,彻底清理其关节内出口周围纤维组织后,开始准备钻股骨隧道。屈膝70°,自胫骨隧道插入1枚导电针直到预先已做好的股骨髁间窝外侧壁标记处,将带有刻度标记的空心钻顺着导针推进,注意防止后交叉韧带损伤,空心钻的直径应与韧带移植物直径相一致,准确定位ACL的股骨止点,钻股骨隧道,深35 mm。注意股骨隧道后壁存在一完整的2 mm厚的骨皮质。
通讯作者:郝秋彦
【摘要】 目的 探讨前交叉韧带损伤应用四股自体腘绳肌肌腱镜下重建的方法与疗效。方法 对35 例前交叉韧带(ACL ) 损伤患者行自体四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱镜下重建ACL,肌腱取自同侧,将两股肌腱分别对折组成4股,编织后等长点部位钻胫骨、股骨隧道,将肌腱拉入骨隧道,分别在屈膝90°和伸膝位将移植肌腱收紧,两端可吸收空心界面螺钉内固定。结果 术后随访2 ~60月,平均29月;术后6周关节活动达正常范围,术后抽屉试验除6例I度外,余29例均阴性; Lysholm 评分,术后75~100分,平均92分,较术前52分明显提高;Tegner 运动评级术后6~8级,平均7级,较术前平均3级有较大提高。结论 镜下四股自体腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带,界面螺钉固定,是治疗ACL 损伤的较好方法。
【关键词】 前交叉韧带; 腘绳肌肌腱; 可吸收空心界面螺钉; 关节镜
Clinical study of anterior cruciate ligament recon struction with grafting of four biceps femoris tendons under arthroscopy HAO Qiu-yan.Yishui Central Hospital,Yishui 276400,China
【Abstract】 Objective To invest igate the method and the efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconst ruction with grafting of four biceps femoris tendons under arthroscopy.Methods 35 patients with injury of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL ) were operated with ACL recon struction using a quadruple strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon from the homolateral under arthroscopy. The two tendons were bended into four boundel. After the four boundel was waved,the tibial and femoral tunnel were performed by drilling at the isometric points, and then the tendons were pulled into the bone tunnels. The tendons were intensified when genufleding at 90 degree and genuextensing, and fixed with hollow interface screw.Results All patients were followed-up from 2 months to 60 months, mean time was 28 months. Articular activity reached the no rmal range at 6 weeks after the operation,and 6 patients showed I degree and o ther 22 cases were all negative by the drawer test. Lysholm score was 75-100 (mean 92 ), and the Tegner act ivity scale was average 7 grade (6-8 grades) which was higher than 3grade, compared to the preoperation.Conclusion It is a good methodthat reconst ruction of ACL with grafting of four biceps femories tendons under arthroscopy.
【Key words】 Arthroscopy; Anterio rcruciate ligament; Femoris tendons; Hollow interface screw
应用4股半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带已逐渐成为治疗膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL )损伤流行术式之一[1]。笔者自2003年7月~2010年7月应用自体4股腘绳肌腱镜下重建前交叉韧带损伤患者35例,取得了较好的临床效果。现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 本组患者共35例,男27例,女8例;平均年龄26.5岁(18 ~45岁) ;均为单侧损伤;左膝13例,右膝22例;本组患者均有明确的外伤史,交通事故伤26例,其它损伤9例;入院治疗时间3 d~1年。
入院主诉关节疼痛、关节不稳、关节肿胀。体检:浮髌试验阳性22例,前抽屉试验(ADT)阳性20例,Lachman试验阳性29例,轴移试验阳性28例,膝关节活动受限21例。所有病例均经核磁共振检查证实前交叉韧带损伤。Lysholm评分[ 2 ]为39~70分,平均52分,Tegner运动评级[ 2 ]为1~5级,平均3级。
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 麻醉与体位 用硬膜外麻醉,患者取仰卧位,大腿根部放置充气止血带,止血带压力高于动脉收缩压100 mm Hg即可。时间1.5 h每次。
1.2.2 常规关节镜检查,以明确诊断,发现合并损伤,首先处理合并损伤。
1.2.3 自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱的制备 自同侧胫骨结节下内侧1.5 cm做3 cm斜切口,显露鹅足腱,翻开缝匠肌腱膜,显露半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱,在二肌腱胫骨止点处切断,分别将肌腱游离端套入肌腱剥离器,屈膝90°,牵拉肌腱游离端,上推剥离器,于肌腱、肌腹交界部切断,取出肌腱,去除残留肌组织,肌腱长度约16~22 cm。将取下的半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱分别折叠为为两股,共四股,用1-0可吸收线纺织缝合两端约3 cm,测量移植腱直径,其直径一般为8~11 mm,长度为8~11 cm,预牵张15 min备用。
1.2.4 胫骨隧道、股骨隧道的建立 关节镜下用刨削器切除ACL残余,髁间窝成形。用胫骨止点定位器准确定位ACL的胫骨止点,关节外的胫骨隧道部分可以根据移植物进行调整,多选择胫骨前交叉韧带“足迹”的解剖中心稍偏后的位置作为胫骨隧道关节内的开口,胫骨隧道关节内开口的位置基本位于通过外侧半月板前角内侧缘延长线的矢状面上,距离后交叉韧带自胫骨附着点前缘6~7 mm。胫骨隧道关节内开口的额状面中心点位于前交叉韧带残端的中心,即临近胫骨内侧髁间嵴内侧凹陷处。与胫骨纵轴线呈约45°钻直径与移植腱相同的胫骨隧道,钻通胫骨隧道,彻底清理其关节内出口周围纤维组织后,开始准备钻股骨隧道。屈膝70°,自胫骨隧道插入1枚导电针直到预先已做好的股骨髁间窝外侧壁标记处,将带有刻度标记的空心钻顺着导针推进,注意防止后交叉韧带损伤,空心钻的直径应与韧带移植物直径相一致,准确定位ACL的股骨止点,钻股骨隧道,深35 mm。注意股骨隧道后壁存在一完整的2 mm厚的骨皮质。