超声引导无水乙醇治疗肝、肾囊肿的疗效分析(1)
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【摘要】 目的:评价超声引导下经皮穿刺无水乙醇注射治疗肝、肾囊肿的疗效。方法:对18例肝、肾囊肿患者在超声引导下经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇治疗,观察术后囊肿萎缩情况。结果:18例患者均成功穿刺和抽出囊液并注入无水乙醇,治愈17例,好转1例。术后随访3个月~2年,有效率100%。结论:超声引导经皮注射无水乙醇治疗肝、肾囊肿方法简单经济、安全有效,患者痛苦小,可作为治疗首选方案。
【关键词】 肝囊肿; 肾囊肿; 超声; 无水酒精; 硬化疗法
The Treatment Effect Analysis about Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Absolute Alcohol Sclerotherapy for Liver and Renal Cysts/FENG Wen ,ZHANG Ling, YUAN Min.//Medical Innovation of China,2012,9(12):081-082
【Abstract】 Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of ultrasound guided percutaneous absolute alcohol sclerotherapy for liver and renal cysts. Methods: Ultrasound guided percutaneous absolute alcohol injection was performed in 18 cases with liver and renal cysts. Postoperative atrophy of liver and renal cysts were subsequently observed. Results: Extraction of cystic fluid and absolute alcohol injection was successfully performed after percutaneous puncture in the 18 patients. Recovery occurred in 17 cases, improvement in one case. The effective rate was 100% according to the investigation which lasted from 3 months to 2 years after surgery. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided percutaneous absolute alcohol injection for liver and renal cyst deserves clinical application and generalization, with the simple procedures, less pain, low cost and safety.
【Key words】 Liver cyst; Renal cyst; Ultrasound; Absolute alcohol; Sclerotherapy
First-author’s address: Chinese Railway No.2 Engineering Hospital, Chengdu 610031, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.12.048
由于超声的普及,肝、肾囊肿极易被发现,后者已成为一种常见的多发性良性病变。小的囊肿一般不需要特殊治疗,观察随访即可,但较大的囊肿有一定的危险性,应及时处理。以往临床主要采用外科手术治疗,患者思想负担较重,不易接受。随着超声介入技术的普及,超声引导下的介入治疗已成为治疗肝、肾囊肿的首选。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2010年以来在笔者所在医院就医并自愿接受此项超声介入治疗的18例肝或肾囊肿患者,其中男13例,女5例;年龄44~70岁,平均59岁;均经超声确诊为肝或肾囊肿,其中肝囊肿5例,肾囊肿13例;囊肿直径6.5~11.5 cm,平均7.8 cm;主要症状为腰部胀痛;高血压者3例,冠心病者3例,镜下尿蛋白(±)者1例,无症状而体检发现者11例。
1.2 纳入排除标准和术前准备 选超声检查均能清晰显示囊性病变的患者,术前对每位患者行心电图、胸透、血常规、尿常规、出凝血时间、血小板计数及肝肾功能酶化验检查,并询问有无酒精过敏史,排除有禁忌证的患者。
1.3 治疗方法 所用超声仪为ESAOTE-DU3彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(意大利百胜公司生产),探头频率3.5 MHz;配有专用穿刺引导架,硬化剂为医用无水乙醇。穿刺针为18~22 G的带芯不锈钢针。肾囊肿多采用俯卧位或侧卧位,超声扫查后定位及测量进针深度和角度。选择囊肿最清晰、距体表最近且能避开周围脏器的位置作为进针点,做好标记后,以此为中心进行皮肤消毒,铺巾后,用消毒后的穿刺探头再次校正最佳穿刺进针点,用2%盐酸利多卡因行局部麻醉[1],超声探头套无菌塑料袋,在超声实时显示下,将穿刺针逐层刺入皮下至囊肿中央,超声图像显示囊腔中央并可见针尖强回声,如单纯性囊肿可见淡黄色液体自针尾流出。接注射器,尽量抽净囊液,记录抽出囊液的颜色、性质及总液量 ......
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