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编号:12647460
降低外阴癌手术切口感染的护理措施及效果研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2014年8月5日 中国医学创新 2014年第22期
     【摘要】 目的:评价对比分析外阴癌术前备皮时间、方法及术后切口护理对降低术后切口感染的临床效果。方法:实验组26例,将术前备皮时间改为术晨执行,备皮方式改为先用消毒剪刀剪毛后用电动剃须刀剃毛,术后切口第4天改为开放式并每天用特定电磁波TDP照射;对照组28例,将术前备皮时间仍定为手术前1天执行,并用手动剃须刀剃毛,术后切口第4天仍采用传统敷料覆盖。结果:实验组能有效地降低术后切口感染率,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用改进的备皮时间、方法及切口护理措施是降低切口感染的重要手段。术后引流管护理、尿管护理、排便护理、预防褥疮及肺部并发症等均为降低切口感染率的有效方法,预防性抗生素的使用、肠道、阴道、外阴准备、病室环境准备是手术切口部位预防感染的辅助措施。

    【关键词】 外阴癌; 切口感染; 备皮; 切口护理

    【Abstract】 Objective: To evaluate reduced clinical infection effect by using preoperative skin method and time, postoperative incision care in vulva cancer. Method: 26 patients were set up experimental group who used preoperative skin preparation time for morning execution and operation skin preparation for sterilized scissors sheared with an electric razor shaving, postoperative fourth days open wounds and improved method of vulva with specific electromagnetic wave radiation TDP. 28 cases were set up control group who used preoperative skin preparation time was one day before the execution and operation manual razor shaving, postoperative fourth day still used medical dressing covered. Result: Compared with the control group, the experimental group could effectively reduce the postoperative wound infection, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using the improved skin preparation, methods and wound care measures are important means to reduce wound infection. Postoperative drainage tube care, catheter care, bowel care, prevention of pressure sores and pulmonary complications and so on are all effective method in reducing wound care infection, the use of prophylactic antibiotics, the intestinal tract, vagina, vulva ready, ready to ward environment are the auxiliary measures to solve the surgical incision site infection prevention.
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    【Key words】 Vulval carcinoma; Infection of incision; Preserved skin; Incision nursing

    First-author’s address: Jiangxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China

    doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.22.036

    外阴癌是源于外阴部皮肤、黏膜及所属器管和前庭大腺管等恶性肿瘤,常发生于中老年妇女,约占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的3%~5%,其中以外阴原发鳞癌为主,占90%以上,继发恶性肿瘤少见。外阴癌的治疗以手术为主[1],而手术一般采用外阴根治术,即外阴广泛切除加腹股沟和/或盆腔淋巴结清扫术,采用这种手术的5年生成率约为70%,但皮损大,缝合张力高,切口易感染[2],加之手术切口与外阴、尿道、肛门、直肠相邻,极易污染伤口,以及患者年老抵抗力较差,故合理有效的围手术期护理,对患者术后安全度过感染关尤为重要,为也术后有的患者需补充放疗和化疗的顺利进行提供保证。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 一般资料 选择2005年2月-2013年10月在本院妇瘤科行外阴癌手术的患者,分实验组和对照组,其中实验组26例,年龄42~68岁,平均62岁,其中鳞癌24例,腺癌1例,恶性黑色素瘤1例,20例行外阴癌根治术加腹股沟和/或盆腔淋巴结清扫术,6例行外阴扩大切除术;对照组28例,年龄40~66岁,其中鳞癌27例,黑色素瘤1例,21例行外阴癌根治术加腹股沟和/或盆腔淋巴结清扫术,7例行外阴扩大切除术。两组患者在年龄、手术范围、病理类型等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。, 百拇医药(何玉娥 赵晓丽)
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