胎儿生长受限危险因素及分娩时机的分析(3)
3.2 FGR终止妊娠时机及围产儿结局 本研究显示围产儿预后与孕周密切相关,随着孕周延长,新生儿儿体重增加,新生儿窒息和死亡率下降,故尽量延长孕周是改善FGR围产儿预后的关键因素。一般认为,FGR的治疗在孕32周前开始疗效最佳,孕36周后因胎盘老化疗效较差。那么,除及早诊断及早治疗FGR外,适时采取适宜的分娩方式终止妊娠,使胎儿尽早脱离宫内慢性缺氧环境,及时接受宫外治疗,也是提高围产儿存活率的又一重要环节。美国妇产科协会(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,ACOG)2013版胎儿生长受限的诊治指南指出分娩时机如下:(1)单独的FGR在孕38周0/7 d~39周6/7 d终止妊娠;(2)在胎儿生长受限伴随额外的不良妊娠因素时,在孕34周0/7 d~37周6/7 d终止妊娠[15]。本研究中,新生儿窒息率依次降低,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),新生儿死亡率依次降低,提示围产儿结局与孕周密切相关,在条件允许下积极处理相应并发症,可延长孕周至足月后终止妊娠。若条件不允许,如母亲存在妊娠期高血压疾病、严重心脏病等,继续妊娠对母儿风险较大时,甚至可以提早至孕32周终止妊娠,也不会明显增加围产儿死亡率,同ACOG提出的分娩时机一致。
, 百拇医药
综上所述,FGR是产科的严重并发症,建立健全围产期保健网,加强围产期保健知识宣教,合理营养,积极治疗妊娠期并发症及合并症,对高危人群进行筛查,早期诊断,早期治疗,可降低FGR的发生率。选择适宜的分娩时机,根据条件权衡利弊适时适式终止妊娠,有利于改善FGR儿的预后,提高围产儿存活率及生存质量。
参考文献
[1]谢幸,苟文丽.妇产科学[M].第8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:114-116.
[2]丰有吉,沈铿.妇产科学[M].第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:104-107.
[3] Ferrazzi E,Stampalija T,Makarenko K.Fetal growth restriction (FGR)—fetal evaluation and antepartum intervention[J].Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep,2013,2(2):112-121.
, http://www.100md.com
[4] Stern C,Trapp E M,Mautner E.The impact of severe preeclampsia on maternal quality of life[J].Qual Life Res,2014,23(3):1019-1026.
[5] Suhag A,Berghella V.Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): etiology and diagnosis[J].Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep,2013,2(2):102-111.
[6] Apel-Sarid L,Levy A,Holcberg G.Placental pathologies associated with intra-uterine fetal growth restriction complicated with and without oligohydramnios[J].Arch Gynecol Obstet,2009,280(4):549-552.
, 百拇医药
[7]廖予妹,耿正惠.羊水过少的病因及诊断与治疗[J].中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2000,16(8):452-454.
[8] Takahashi Y,Iwagaki S,Chiaki R.Amnioinfusion before 26 weeks’ gestation for severe fetal growth restriction with oligohydramnios[J].J Obstet Gynaecol,2014,40(3):677.
[9] Spinillo A,Cesari S,Bariselli S.Placental lesions associated with oligohydramnios in fetal growth restricted (FGR) pregnancies[J].Placenta,2015,36(5):538-544.
[10] Cosmi E,Ambrosini G,Antona D.Doppler, cardiotocography and biophysical profile score in idiopathic IUGR fetuses and in IUGR fetuses because of maternal preeclampsia[J].Obstet Gynecol,2007,197(6):S209.
, 百拇医药
[11] Leung W C,Lam H, Lee C P.Doppler study of the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2004,24(5):534-537.
[12] Allen L H.Biological mechanisms that might underlie iron’s effects on fetal growth and preterm birth 2001[J].Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(2S-2):S581-589.
[13]肖云山.运用Logistic回归分析探讨胎儿生长受限的高危因素[J].东南大学学报(医学版),2014,33(5):619-621.
, 百拇医药
[14] Tzur T,Weintraub A Y,Sergienko R.Can anemia in the first trimester predict obstetrical complications later in pregnancy[J].The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine,2012,25(11):2454-2457.
[15] ACOG Practice Bulletin.Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists Number 134, May 2013(replaces Technical Bulletin Number 12, Janury 2000).Fetal Growth Restriction[J].Obstet Gynecol,2013,111(12):1122-1133.
(收稿日期:2015-06-10) (本文编辑:周亚杰), 百拇医药(崔世红 孙俊燕 陈娟 李园园 杭中霞 申琳娜 职云晓 高亚南)
, 百拇医药
综上所述,FGR是产科的严重并发症,建立健全围产期保健网,加强围产期保健知识宣教,合理营养,积极治疗妊娠期并发症及合并症,对高危人群进行筛查,早期诊断,早期治疗,可降低FGR的发生率。选择适宜的分娩时机,根据条件权衡利弊适时适式终止妊娠,有利于改善FGR儿的预后,提高围产儿存活率及生存质量。
参考文献
[1]谢幸,苟文丽.妇产科学[M].第8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:114-116.
[2]丰有吉,沈铿.妇产科学[M].第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:104-107.
[3] Ferrazzi E,Stampalija T,Makarenko K.Fetal growth restriction (FGR)—fetal evaluation and antepartum intervention[J].Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep,2013,2(2):112-121.
, http://www.100md.com
[4] Stern C,Trapp E M,Mautner E.The impact of severe preeclampsia on maternal quality of life[J].Qual Life Res,2014,23(3):1019-1026.
[5] Suhag A,Berghella V.Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): etiology and diagnosis[J].Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep,2013,2(2):102-111.
[6] Apel-Sarid L,Levy A,Holcberg G.Placental pathologies associated with intra-uterine fetal growth restriction complicated with and without oligohydramnios[J].Arch Gynecol Obstet,2009,280(4):549-552.
, 百拇医药
[7]廖予妹,耿正惠.羊水过少的病因及诊断与治疗[J].中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2000,16(8):452-454.
[8] Takahashi Y,Iwagaki S,Chiaki R.Amnioinfusion before 26 weeks’ gestation for severe fetal growth restriction with oligohydramnios[J].J Obstet Gynaecol,2014,40(3):677.
[9] Spinillo A,Cesari S,Bariselli S.Placental lesions associated with oligohydramnios in fetal growth restricted (FGR) pregnancies[J].Placenta,2015,36(5):538-544.
[10] Cosmi E,Ambrosini G,Antona D.Doppler, cardiotocography and biophysical profile score in idiopathic IUGR fetuses and in IUGR fetuses because of maternal preeclampsia[J].Obstet Gynecol,2007,197(6):S209.
, 百拇医药
[11] Leung W C,Lam H, Lee C P.Doppler study of the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2004,24(5):534-537.
[12] Allen L H.Biological mechanisms that might underlie iron’s effects on fetal growth and preterm birth 2001[J].Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(2S-2):S581-589.
[13]肖云山.运用Logistic回归分析探讨胎儿生长受限的高危因素[J].东南大学学报(医学版),2014,33(5):619-621.
, 百拇医药
[14] Tzur T,Weintraub A Y,Sergienko R.Can anemia in the first trimester predict obstetrical complications later in pregnancy[J].The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine,2012,25(11):2454-2457.
[15] ACOG Practice Bulletin.Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists Number 134, May 2013(replaces Technical Bulletin Number 12, Janury 2000).Fetal Growth Restriction[J].Obstet Gynecol,2013,111(12):1122-1133.
(收稿日期:2015-06-10) (本文编辑:周亚杰), 百拇医药(崔世红 孙俊燕 陈娟 李园园 杭中霞 申琳娜 职云晓 高亚南)