新生儿病房细菌感染状况分析及院内感染防控环节研究(1)
【摘要】 目的：探讨新生儿病房细菌感染状况以及院内感染防控环节。方法：选取2014年
4月-2017年2月本院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)存在感染的新生儿180例，随机将其分为观察组和对照组，各90例。所有患儿均根据细菌培养及药敏试验合理选择抗生素进行抗感染治疗，采集患儿防治前后粪便及咽拭子标本作细菌培养，监测产ESBL酶菌，分析比较两组患儿病原菌、平均住院时间、住院费用及死亡率。结果：入院72 h后，观察组患儿感染率为12.22%(11/90)，虽低于对照组的14.44%(13/90)，但差異无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组共检菌株11株，对照组共检菌株13株，两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。入院72 h后，两组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均低于入院当日，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；且观察组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿住院时间、住院费用均显著少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组患儿死亡发生率为0，虽低于对照组的4.44%，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：新生儿病房细菌感染主要以肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌为主，经有效防治后，能够降低患儿感染率，减少其平均住院时间及住院费用，提高患儿存活率。
【关键词】 NICU； 细菌感染状况； 防控环节
Analysis of Bacterial Infection and Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection in Neonatal Ward/WU Xiao-ying，ZHANG Xiao-li，CHEN Chun-ji.//Medical Innovation of China，2017，14(15)：090-093
【Abstract】 Objective：To investigate the status of bacterial infection in neonatal ward and the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Method：180 newly diagnosed neonates with NICU in our hospital from April 2014 to February 2017 were selected，they were randomly divided into observation group and control group，90 cases in each group.All children were treated with antibiotics according to bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test，the stool and throat swabs were collected before and after the treatment for bacterial culture，and the ESBL producing strains were monitored，the pathogens，average hospital stay，hospital costs and mortality of two groups were analyzed and compared.Result：After 72 h，the infection rate of the observation group was 12.22%(11/90)，which was lower than 14.44%(13/90) of the control group，but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).A total of 11 strains were detected in the observation group，and the control group was examined with a total of 13 strains，there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).After admission for 72 h，the detection rate of ESBL bacteria in throat swabs and stool specimens of the patients in the two groups was lower than those of admission，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)；the detection rate of ESBL bacteria in throat swabs and stool specimens of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The hospitalization time and hospitalization cost of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The death rate of the observation group was 0，which was lower than 4.44% of the control group，but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion：Bacterial infection in neonatal ward is mainly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli，after effective control，it can reduce the infection rate，reduce the average hospitalization time and hospitalization cost，and improve the survival rate of children., 百拇医药(吴小英 张小莉 陈春姬)
4月-2017年2月本院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)存在感染的新生儿180例，随机将其分为观察组和对照组，各90例。所有患儿均根据细菌培养及药敏试验合理选择抗生素进行抗感染治疗，采集患儿防治前后粪便及咽拭子标本作细菌培养，监测产ESBL酶菌，分析比较两组患儿病原菌、平均住院时间、住院费用及死亡率。结果：入院72 h后，观察组患儿感染率为12.22%(11/90)，虽低于对照组的14.44%(13/90)，但差異无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组共检菌株11株，对照组共检菌株13株，两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。入院72 h后，两组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均低于入院当日，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；且观察组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿住院时间、住院费用均显著少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组患儿死亡发生率为0，虽低于对照组的4.44%，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：新生儿病房细菌感染主要以肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌为主，经有效防治后，能够降低患儿感染率，减少其平均住院时间及住院费用，提高患儿存活率。
【关键词】 NICU； 细菌感染状况； 防控环节
Analysis of Bacterial Infection and Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection in Neonatal Ward/WU Xiao-ying，ZHANG Xiao-li，CHEN Chun-ji.//Medical Innovation of China，2017，14(15)：090-093
【Abstract】 Objective：To investigate the status of bacterial infection in neonatal ward and the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Method：180 newly diagnosed neonates with NICU in our hospital from April 2014 to February 2017 were selected，they were randomly divided into observation group and control group，90 cases in each group.All children were treated with antibiotics according to bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test，the stool and throat swabs were collected before and after the treatment for bacterial culture，and the ESBL producing strains were monitored，the pathogens，average hospital stay，hospital costs and mortality of two groups were analyzed and compared.Result：After 72 h，the infection rate of the observation group was 12.22%(11/90)，which was lower than 14.44%(13/90) of the control group，but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).A total of 11 strains were detected in the observation group，and the control group was examined with a total of 13 strains，there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).After admission for 72 h，the detection rate of ESBL bacteria in throat swabs and stool specimens of the patients in the two groups was lower than those of admission，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)；the detection rate of ESBL bacteria in throat swabs and stool specimens of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The hospitalization time and hospitalization cost of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The death rate of the observation group was 0，which was lower than 4.44% of the control group，but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion：Bacterial infection in neonatal ward is mainly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli，after effective control，it can reduce the infection rate，reduce the average hospitalization time and hospitalization cost，and improve the survival rate of children., 百拇医药(吴小英 张小莉 陈春姬)