【摘要】 目的：探讨初治痰标本利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)检测阳性与阴性活动性肺结核患者的CT征象。方法：选取2017年1月-2018年6月本中心行胸部多层螺旋CT检查的初治活动性肺结核139例，根据痰标本Xpert MRI/RIF的检测结果分为阳性组(n=74)与阴性组(n=65)，比较两组CT征象特征。结果：阳性组小叶中心结节、树芽征、厚壁空洞、无壁空洞、毛玻璃密度影、小叶样肺实变、亚段及段性肺实变、叶性肺实变、支气管扩张、支气管壁不均匀增厚、网状影和细线影、肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大检出率均明显高于阴性组(P<0.05)。结论：小叶中心结节、树芽征、小叶样肺实变、亚段及段性肺实变、叶性肺实变、毛玻璃密度影、支气管壁不均匀增厚及空洞是痰Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性活动性肺结核的主要CT表现。

    【关键词】 Xpert MTB/RIF 活动性肺结核 多层螺旋CT

    [Abstract] Objective： To investigate the CT signs of positive and negative patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis detected by rifampicin resistance real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification (Xpert MTB/RIF) in newly treated sputum specimens. Method： A total of 139 cases of newly treated active pulmonary tuberculosis underwent multi-slice spiral CT examination in our center from January 2017 to June 2018 were selected. they were divided into positive group (n=74) and negative group (n=65) according to the test results of sputum Xpert MRI/RIF ......