李云基 熊罗节 田岳凤 翟春涛 李玮

    【摘要】 在生命活动过程中，细胞的分裂周期会随着分裂次数的增多而减少，伴随生理功能和增殖分化能力的衰退，这种现象称为细胞衰老。随着近期对细胞衰老的深入研究，人们掌握了关于细胞衰老的众多生理机制，其中就包括端粒学说和线粒体功能障碍学说。端粒是真核细胞线性染色体末端的DNA-蛋白质复合体，包括富含G的核酸重复序列和蛋白质组成，是细胞有丝分裂的生物钟，端粒长度与细胞衰老关系密切，端粒损伤是诱导细胞衰老的重要因素；线粒体是细胞进行氧化磷酸化并产生ATP的重要场所，是细胞“能量工厂”，其质量、活性改变与细胞衰老密切相关，衰老细胞中线粒体自噬水平的提高有利于清除损伤的线粒体，从而达到延缓细胞衰老的作用。本文将通过分析端粒、线粒体自噬的生理机制，阐明二者在细胞衰老中的作用。

    【关键词】 端粒 线粒体自噬 细胞衰老

    [Abstract] During life activities， the cell division cycle decreases with the increasing number of divisions， along with the decline of physiological function and proliferative and differentiation ability， this phenomenon is called cell aging. With the recent in-depth study of cell aging， people have mastered many physiological mechanisms about cell aging， including telomere theory and mitochondrial dysfunction. Telomere is DNA-protein complexes at the end of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotic cells， including G-rich nucleic acid repeat sequences and protein composition. It is the biological clock of cell mitosis. The length of telomere is closely related to cell aging. Telomere damage is an important factor in inducing cell aging. Mitochondria is important places for cells to carry out oxidative phosphorylation and produce ATP ......