髋部骨折患者并发下肢静脉血栓的预防及护理(2)
血栓闭塞性脉管炎根据临床表现,常可做出正确诊断,但要明确闭塞部位、性质、程度尚需进一步检查。一般检查包括跛行距离和跛行时间测定,肢体抬高试验和皮肤测温等。肢体抬高试验(Buerger试验)是让患者平卧,下肢抬高45°,3 min后若足部特别是足趾和足掌部皮肤苍白或蜡黄,自然下垂于床旁,皮肤渐出现潮红或紫斑,即为阳性,提示患肢严重供血不足。特殊检查包括多普勒超声检查、多普勒听诊器或监听器,可发现动脉搏动降低或消失。记录仪可显显示病变动脉血流波形幅度降低或呈直线。动脉造影可清楚地显示动脉阻塞的部位、范围、程度,因可加重缺血,故要慎重选用。
参考文献
[1] Meissner M H,Strandness D E.Pathophysiology and natural history of acute deep venous thrombosis[M].In:Rutherford RB, ed. Vascular Surgery.5th ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders,2011:1920-1937.
[2] Lee L H.Clinical update on deep vein thrombosis in Singapore[J].Ann Acad Med Singapore,2002,31(2):248-256.
[3]李家增,贺石林,王鸿利.血栓病学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:353-364.
[4] Amiral J,Fareed J.Thromboembolic diseases. Biochemical mechanisms and new possibilities of biological diagnosis[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,2012,22(3):41-50.
[5] Wakefield T W,Greenfield L J,Rolfe M W,et al.Inflammatory and procoagulant mediator interactions in an experimental baboon model of venous thrombosis[J].Thromb Haemost,2011,69(2):164-185.
(收稿日期:2012-08-13) (编辑:陈春梅), 百拇医药(李永贤)
参考文献
[1] Meissner M H,Strandness D E.Pathophysiology and natural history of acute deep venous thrombosis[M].In:Rutherford RB, ed. Vascular Surgery.5th ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders,2011:1920-1937.
[2] Lee L H.Clinical update on deep vein thrombosis in Singapore[J].Ann Acad Med Singapore,2002,31(2):248-256.
[3]李家增,贺石林,王鸿利.血栓病学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:353-364.
[4] Amiral J,Fareed J.Thromboembolic diseases. Biochemical mechanisms and new possibilities of biological diagnosis[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,2012,22(3):41-50.
[5] Wakefield T W,Greenfield L J,Rolfe M W,et al.Inflammatory and procoagulant mediator interactions in an experimental baboon model of venous thrombosis[J].Thromb Haemost,2011,69(2):164-185.
(收稿日期:2012-08-13) (编辑:陈春梅), 百拇医药(李永贤)