178例小儿高热惊厥的临床护理体会(1)
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【摘要】 目的:探讨高热引发的小儿惊厥的治疗方法及治疗效果,总结对高热惊厥小儿护理时的注意事项。方法:将178例小儿高热惊厥患者分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予抗惊厥药物治疗和常规的退热、原发病治疗;对照组给予常规的退热和原发病治疗,不给于任何的抗惊厥药物治疗。结果:178例患儿治疗1~2周之后全部痊愈出院,2年内随访,治疗组84例有惊厥复发的18例,复发率为21.4%,对照组84例有惊厥复发的39例,复发率为46.4%,两组差异有统计学意义。结论:可以认为抗惊厥药物有利于小儿高热惊厥的治疗,并可预防小儿热性惊厥复发。在应用抗惊厥药物的基础上,护理患儿时还应保持环境安静、进行物理降温、注意饮食调护等,降低惊厥引发的脑损伤,提高治愈率。
【关键词】 高热惊厥;安定;苯巴比妥;护理
178 cases of pediatric nursing care of febrile seizures (clinical format)
Wsng liang hong
(First People's Hospital Shuangliu County, Sichuan 610200)
【Abstract】Objective: To investigate the heat-induced convulsions in the treatment of children and the treatment, care and summary of febrile seizures in children when the notes. Methods: 178 patients with febrile seizures in children were divided into treatment group and control group, treatment group was treated with anticonvulsant therapy and conventional cooling, the primary disease treatment; control group received conventional treatment of fever and primary disease, not given any anticonvulsant drug treatment. Results: 178 cases of children 1 to 2 weeks after treatment all were discharged within 2 years follow-up, 84 patients treated 18 patients with seizure recurrence, the recurrence rate was 21.4% in the control group of 84 patients had 39 cases of seizure recurrence, the recurrence rate 46.4% between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is beneficial that the anticonvulsant treatment of children with febrile seizures, and prevention of recurrence of febrile seizures in children. In the application on the basis of anticonvulsant drugs, care of children should also keep the environment quiet, physical cooling, diet nursing and so reduce the seizures caused by brain damage and improve the cure rate.
【Key words】febrile convulsion; stability; phenobarbital; Care
惊厥是儿科常见的急性病症,年龄越小发病率越高,发病次数过多或发病时间过长将会造成小儿颅脑损伤,产生无法挽回的后果。引发惊厥的原因很多,常常在很多急性疾病过程中出现,大多以强直或阵挛等骨骼肌运动性发作为主要临床症状。高热是小儿时期最常见的引发惊厥发作的病因,针对高热惊厥产生的严重后果,本文探讨和总结了我院儿科自2009年7月~2010年12月收诊的178例小儿高热惊厥病例的急救、护理及预防的经验,从而为临床上小儿高热惊厥的治疗提供参考依据,提高治愈率。
1临床资料
1.1一般资料
2009年7月~2010年12月收诊的高热惊厥患儿178例(均符合小儿高热惊厥的临床诊断标准),其中男占107例,女占71例,男女比例为1.51:1。发病年龄最小者1岁,最大者8岁,1~3岁的103例,3~8岁的75例。高热惊厥一次发作时间<15分钟者158例,一次发作时间>15分钟者为20例。原发病急性上呼吸道传染85例,小儿肺炎52例,支气管炎41例。初次发生高热惊厥的占160例,有高热惊厥病史的占18例。收诊的178例小儿高热惊厥患者均为住院治疗痊愈后出院。
将178例患病小儿随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组84人,男占50人,女占34人;治疗组84人,男占57人,女占27人。治疗组给予抗惊厥药物治疗和常规的退热、原发病治疗;对照组只给予常规的退热和原发病治疗,不给于任何的抗惊厥药物治疗。
1.2治疗方法
1.2.1紧急抢救
将患儿平卧,解开衣领,将其头偏向一侧,用医用纱布包裹压舌板置于上、下门牙之间,防止咬伤舌头。迅速及时清除口腔、鼻腔分泌物和呕吐物,保持呼吸顺畅,同时给予吸氧 ......
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